PBL 1

Humerus, Ulna, and radius

The medial epicondyle is closer to the midline of the elbow- the inside of the elbow The lateral epicondyle is the outermost point of the elbow - the outside of the elbow

The radius is the top bone facing palm up and is nearest to the thumb.

<p>The ulna is the bottom-most bone facing palm up. It is closer to the pinky side (opposite of thumb)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>the bending and straightening motion is similar to a hinge. The radius rotates as you turn your hand palm up and palm down while sliding against the head of the humerus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humeroulnar joint is located between the humerus and ulna Humeroradial joint- between the humorous and the radius Proximal radioulnar joint- between the radius and the ulna (in the proximal part of the forearm)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allows for flexion and extension of the arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>allows for flexion, extension, supination (rotation of forearm so palm faces forward), and pronation (rotation of forearm so palm faces backward)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>allows for pronation and supination (think of rotations)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>some examples include biceps (flexors), triceps (extensors)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radial, ulnar, median nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>material that covers the ends of the bones of any joint. It is slippery which allows the joint surfaces to glide on one another without damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The joint capsule is a watertight sac that surrounds a joint and contains synovial fluid which reduces friction during movement. They are made by ligaments connected together with a thin layer of connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bed with force</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Straighten with force</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>travels along the front crease of the elbow. It splits into two arteries (radial and ulnar) after the crease and continues into the hand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brachial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>fibroblast cells and collagen fibres</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>resident cells which maintain Extracellular matrix (ECM) and synthesise collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>collagen, glycoproteins, proteoglycans</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells that synthesise collagen and other ECM components</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation of and small tears in common flexor tendon, which connects the medial epicondyle to the wrist flexor pronator muscles of the forearm. Symptoms: pain on inner side of elbow, weak grip (pain when gripping objects), weak wrist (which worsens with repetitive stress )</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation of and tears of the extensor carpi Radialis brevis (ECRB) tendon. Symptoms: pain on outside of elbow, weak grip (worsens with repetitive wrist extension) Causes: overuse of forearm extensor muscles and tendons, poor technique in sports, ageing, Treatment: rest, ice, anti-inflammatory drugs, physical therapy, surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medial epicondylitis - inner most side of elbow Lateral epicondylitis - outermost side of elbow</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of microscopic anatomy (microanatomy) of cells and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>the most essential organic molecules which are involved in maintenance and metabolic processes of living organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They connect different parts of the anatomy. Tendons connect muscles to bones, while ligaments connect bones to other bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contain osteoblasts and osteoclasts which are specialised cells that can swiftly remodel and repair bone tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They receive up to 10% of cardiac output. This strong blood supply allows for speedier transportation of nutrients, oxygen, and immune cells to the wounded sites, essential for quicker healing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anywhere from 2 weeks- 12+months depending on severity. depends on if its an acute problem or more severe</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pain from innermost part of elbow. wrist pain elbow stifness hand and wrist weakness tingling sensation or numbness in fingers inflammation and swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cubitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biceps tendon (biceps to radius) Triceps tendon (triceps to ulna), common flexor tendon (where flexor pronator muscles of forearm attach), common extensor tendon (where extensor muscles of the forearm attach)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>medial collateral ligament (inner side of the elbow) lateral collateral ligament (outside of the elbow), annular ligament (encircles the head of radius), ulnar collateral ligament (innserside of elbow)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tightly packed collagen fibres and tenocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limited blood supply which is essential for healing. too much mechanical stress from daily movements and from transferring forces between muscles and bones. collagen fibres are tightly packed which can hinder the movement of cells and nutrients, ageing (higher age = slower healing), preexisting health conditions associated with injured tendons. slower production of collagen and other ECM components needed for healing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Can impair the function of tendons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To connect muscle to bone, transfer muscle generated force to the bone which facilitates movement around a joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is dense connective tissue with bundles of collagen and fibroblast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Helps remove damaged tissue and initiate the repair process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>its specific for joints. A surgeon inserts a narrow tube attached to a fibre-optic video camera through a small incision</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constant bending of the nerves as (for example, the elbow bends) causing irritation or pressure on the nerves resulting in pain/numbness/weakness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Star shaped appearance with cytoplasmic extensions creating wedges between neighbouring collagen bundles. This allows for transport of newly synthesised collagen to specific locations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>thin layer of connective tissue that surrounds the entire tendon to provide protective covering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fine layer of connective tissue that wraps each collagen bundle. Contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epimysium, paramyceium, endomysium</p> Signup and view all the answers