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Questions and Answers

What does leeway views emphasize in the context of responsibility?

  • The choices available at the moment of decision (correct)
  • The legal obligations to prevent harm
  • The ability to be the source of one’s actions
  • The moral emotions that prompt blame

    • How is causal responsibility defined?

  • It denotes blameworthiness for one's actions
  • It implies having freedom of choice in every circumstance
  • It reflects a moral obligation towards others
  • It refers to being part of the cause-and-effect chain that leads to a particular outcome (correct)

    • Which of the following best distinguishes between legal and moral responsibility?

  • Legal responsibility focuses on moral dimensions
  • Legal responsibility is concerned with obligations rather than actions
  • Moral responsibility does not involve assessments of agency
  • Moral responsibility involves evaluations of an agent's actions (correct)

    • What does accountability in moral responsibility entail?

    <p>Others in the moral community can blame you</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of moral responsibility, which of the following describes the connection to reactive attitudes?

    <p>They are emotional reactions to blameworthy actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fundamentally differentiates the normative basis for blaming someone?

    <p>It is determined by intentions behind the action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept emphasizes being the origin or source of one’s actions?

    <p>Sourcehood views</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical aspect of free will in relation to moral responsibility?

    <p>It relates to the origin of actions in relation to moral judgment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Strawson, what plays a vital role in holding someone responsible for their actions?

    <p>Emotional reactions to their actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one example of someone who may be considered exempt from blame?

    <p>A young child</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stance does determinism take regarding moral responsibility?

    <p>It does not provide an excuse or exemption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Gary Watson argue affects reactive attitudes towards others?

    <p>Beliefs about the background of those actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes free will according to Frankfurt?

    <p>Actions arising from a higher-order volition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a 1st-order desire from a 2nd-order desire?

    <p>1st-order desires drive actions, while 2nd-order desires involve wanting certain desires.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of the 'Deep Self' refer to in the context of free will?

    <p>The authentic identification with one's volition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implied by adopting an objective attitude towards others?

    <p>Viewing them merely as objects with no moral status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Revised Conditional Analysis state about a person's ability to do something?

    <p>A person has the ability if they have certain properties and retain them when deciding to act.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary claim of incompatibilism regarding free will and determinism?

    <p>We have free will and it is incompatible with determinism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Self-Forming Actions (SFAs) according to Robert Kane?

    <p>Decisions made in moments of conflict between competing desires or values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Kane, what does ultimate responsibility (UR) require of an agent?

    <p>To be responsible for all factors that motivate an action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do libertarians assert regarding determinism and free will?

    <p>Determinism is false, and we have free will.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements aligns with Kadri's views on free will?

    <p>They subscribe to compatibilism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Kane suggest about choices arising from undetermined events?

    <p>They are seen as accidents rather than genuine free choices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for a person to have the ATDO (ability to do X)?

    <p>Having intrinsic properties and retaining them at a certain time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Principle of Alternative Possibilities (PAP) assert?

    <p>A person is morally responsible if they had the ability to choose differently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Peter Strawson, what is not threatened by determinism?

    <p>The practice of moral responsibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are reactive attitudes according to Strawson?

    <p>Emotional responses to the attitudes of others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Strawson's view relate to rationalism in moral responsibility?

    <p>Rationalism emphasizes the capacity of individuals to think and make decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'participant stance' in the context of moral responsibility?

    <p>The position we adopt toward fully capable adults in our moral community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Strawson identify as a limitation of using determinism as a global excuse for blame?

    <p>It provides no clear differentiation of blameworthiness among actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'objective stance' refer to in Strawson’s framework?

    <p>The stance taken towards individuals who cannot be held morally responsible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What implication does Frankfurts' analysis have for compatibilism and libertarianism regarding the PAP?

    <p>Both are refuted by the assertion that PAP is false.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does chaos theory suggest about small changes in complex systems?

    <p>They can lead to large, unpredictable changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Kane's chaos theory relate to free will?

    <p>It indicates that chaotic influences may lead to choices not fully determined by the past.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the 'No Choice Principle'?

    <p>Determinism implies you cannot choose differently than what has occurred.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three general positions one can adopt about free will, according to Peter Van Inwagen?

    <p>Compatibilism, libertarianism, and free-will denialism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What implication does chaos theory have for decision-making at key moments?

    <p>They can be influenced by unpredictable internal factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of determinism, what does it mean that 'you cannot choose what happened in the past'?

    <p>It means that all occurrences are fixed and unchangeable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does chaos play in the brain according to the provided content?

    <p>It increases sensitivity to small changes that can lead to significant outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a chaotic system mentioned in the context of chaos theory?

    <p>It can produce vastly different outcomes from small initial differences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'moral luck' refer to?

    <p>Judging individuals based on factors outside their control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle states that moral assessment should not differ due to uncontrollable factors?

    <p>Control Principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of luck refers to the outcomes of actions becoming a factor in moral judgment?

    <p>Resultant luck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept refers to the kind of person one is, including their temperament and capacities?

    <p>Constitutive luck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the Control Principle often challenged?

    <p>It overlooks the influence of socio-economic factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Circumstantial luck emphasizes which of the following?

    <p>The contexts individuals find themselves in.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key implication of acknowledging moral luck in ethical judgments?

    <p>It complicates the fairness of moral evaluations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of moral assessment does Nagel argue we must accept?

    <p>Moral luck alters traditional views of free will.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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