8th Grade Science Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative data?

Quantitative uses numbers; qualitative uses words.

List the six steps of the scientific method in order.

Form question, 2. Research and collect data, 3. Form hypothesis, 4. Test hypothesis, 5. Observe and analyze data, 6. Draw conclusion.

What does SI stand for?

International System of Units.

What is the SI base for length?

Meter. Signup and view all the answers

What is the SI base for mass?

Kilogram. Signup and view all the answers

What is the SI base for time?

Second. Signup and view all the answers

What is the SI base for temperature?

Kelvin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the SI base for the amount of a substance?

Mole. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a line graph, a bar graph, and a pie chart?

Line graph - best for showing data that changes; bar graph - best for comparing data; pie chart - best for showing parts of the whole. Signup and view all the answers

The freezing point is _ and the boiling point is _ in °C.

0°C, 100°C Signup and view all the answers

The freezing point is _ and the boiling point is _ in °F.

32°F, 212°F Signup and view all the answers

The freezing point is _ and the boiling point is _ in K.

273 K, 373 K Signup and view all the answers

What are the three branches of science and examples for each?

<ol> <li>Life - living things (biology and zoology); 2. Earth - earth and space (astronomy and geology); 3. Physical - matter and energy (chemistry and physics).</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is Newton's second law?

Acceleration of an object is in the same direction as the net force on the object, and can be calculated as F = ma. Signup and view all the answers

What is Newton's third law?

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Signup and view all the answers

What is the metric unit for momentum?

kg m/s. Signup and view all the answers

What is the metric unit for force?

N. Signup and view all the answers

What is the metric unit for weight?

N. Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors that determine the amount of friction?

<ol> <li>How hard the surfaces are forced together; 2) The material the surfaces are made of.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the acceleration of gravity 'g'?

9.8 m/s². Signup and view all the answers

What factors affect the force of gravity?

<ol> <li>Distance between objects; 2) Mass of objects.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

List the six types of simple machines.

<ol> <li>Lever; 2) Pulley - modified lever; 3) Wheel and axle - modified lever; 4) Inclined plane; 5) Screw - modified inclined plane; 6) Wedge - modified inclined plane.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the metric unit for work?

Joule. Signup and view all the answers

What is the metric unit for power?

Watt. Signup and view all the answers

What are two factors for work to be done?

<ol> <li>Moving an object from one place to another; 2) The distance the object moves must be in the same direction as the effort force applied to the object.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

How do machines make work easier?

<ol> <li>Increasing the force that can be applied to an object; 2) Increasing the distance over which a force can be applied; 3) Changing the direction of an applied force.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the metric unit for energy?

Joule. Signup and view all the answers

List and explain the five main forms of energy.

<ol> <li>Mechanical - motion; 2) Heat/Thermal - internal motion of molecules; 3) Chemical - bonds that hold atoms together; 4) Electromagnetic - moving electron charges; 5) Nuclear/Radiant - the nucleus of an atom.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, meaning that energy may change from one form to another, but the total amount of energy never changes. Signup and view all the answers

List and explain the three methods of heat transfer.

<ol> <li>Conduction - transferred by direct contact of molecules; 2) Convection - transferred through up and down movements in liquids and gases; 3) Radiation - does not require matter.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

List examples of good insulators.

Plastic, air, clay, styrofoam, wood, paper. Signup and view all the answers

List examples of good conductors.

Metals, such as copper, silver, aluminum, iron, and steel. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Data Types

Quantitative data is measured in numbers, while qualitative data is described using words.

Scientific Method Steps

The scientific method consists of forming a question, researching and collecting data, forming a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, observing and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions.

International Units

SI stands for the International System of Units, used globally for scientific measurements.
The base unit for length is the meter.
The base unit for mass is the kilogram.
The base unit for time is the second.
The base unit for temperature is the kelvin.
The base unit for the amount of a substance is the mole.

Graph Types

Line graphs display data that changes over time.
Bar graphs compare different sets of data.
Pie charts illustrate parts of a whole.

Freezing and Boiling Points

Freezing point: 0°C, 32°F, 273 K.
Boiling point: 100°C, 212°F, 373 K.

Branches of Science

Life Science examples include biology and zoology.
Earth Science examples include astronomy and geology.
Physical Science examples include chemistry and physics.

Newton's Laws

Newton's second law states that acceleration is in the same direction as the net force and is calculated by the formula F = ma.
Newton's third law asserts that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Metric Units

Momentum is measured in kg m/s.
Force and weight are both measured in newtons (N).
Work is measured in joules (J).
Power is measured in watts (W).
Energy is also measured in joules (J).

Friction Factors

Friction is influenced by the force with which two surfaces are pressed together and the materials from which the surfaces are made.

Gravity

The acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s².
Two factors that affect gravitational force are the distance between objects and their masses.

Simple Machines

The six types of simple machines include levers, pulleys, wheel and axles, inclined planes, screws, and wedges.

Work and Machines

Work is done when an object is moved in the direction of the applied force, and work requires both motion and direction alignment.
Machines simplify work by increasing applied force, extending the distance over which force is applied, and changing the direction of the force.

Energy Forms

The five main forms of energy are mechanical (motion), thermal (internal motion of molecules), chemical (bonds of atoms), electromagnetic (moving electron charges), and nuclear (energy from the atom's nucleus).

Conservation of Energy

The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed from one form to another, maintaining a constant total amount.

Heat Transfer Methods

Heat transfer occurs via conduction (direct contact), convection (movement in liquids and gases), and radiation (transfer without matter).

Insulators and Conductors

Good insulators include plastic, air, clay, styrofoam, wood, and paper.
Excellent conductors are metals such as copper, silver, aluminum, iron, and steel.

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Description

Test your knowledge of key scientific concepts with these flashcards designed for 8th grade science. Cover topics such as quantitative vs qualitative data and the steps of the scientific method. Enhance your understanding of essential science terminology and processes.