Untitled Quiz
37 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason for the slow rate of the phosphorus cycle?

  • Quick consumption by predators
  • Gradual weathering to release phosphate ions (correct)
  • Fast weathering processes
  • High energy transfer between trophic levels

What percentage of energy is typically transferred from one trophic level to the next?

  • 5%
  • 15%
  • 10% (correct)
  • 50%

Which of the following correctly describes carnivores?

  • They decompose other organisms for energy.
  • They only consume plants.
  • They can eat both plants and animals.
  • They primarily consume meat. (correct)

What is the biggest source of biomass loss in ecosystems?

<p>Cellular respiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes organisms that obtain energy by breaking down other organisms?

<p>Heterotrophs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of decomposers when an organism dies?

<p>To respire and release energy for decomposition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes converts nitrogen into ammonium ions?

<p>Nitrogen fixation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the Earth's atmosphere is made up of nitrogen?

<p>78% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which process are nitrates (NO3-) formed?

<p>Nitrification (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do molluscs and crustaceans obtain carbon for their shells?

<p>By using calcium carbonate dissolved in seawater (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to carbon dioxide released during the combustion of fossil fuels?

<p>It dissolves into seawater and is stored in the oceans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the process of ammonification?

<p>Breakdown of nitrogen compounds into ammonium ions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are fossil fuels considered a store of carbon?

<p>They are formed from organic matter over millions of years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to nitrates during the respiration of denitrifying bacteria?

<p>They are converted back into nitrogen gas. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What natural process can create nitrates without the use of bacteria?

<p>Nitrogen fixation during lightning. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is artificial fertilizer typically produced?

<p>Industrial fixation of nitrogen using the Haber process. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of amylase in the digestive system?

<p>To digest carbohydrates into sugars (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason water is essential for all life?

<p>It acts as a temperature buffer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the chloroplast is responsible for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

<p>Thylakoid membranes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process describes the movement of water from roots to leaves in plants?

<p>Transpiration stream. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when water vapor cools and condenses in the atmosphere?

<p>Clouds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the role of the rectum and anus in digestion is correct?

<p>They serve as the final storage area for undigested material (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the process of percolation?

<p>Water seeps deeper into the ground. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does cyanide affect cellular respiration?

<p>It blocks the electron transport chain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an aquifer?

<p>An underground layer of water-bearing rock. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of respiration occurs when oxygen is not present, resulting in the production of lactic acid?

<p>Anaerobic respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the digestive system is primarily responsible for the absorption of nutrients?

<p>Small intestine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis?

<p>6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of carbon for herbivores in an ecosystem?

<p>Glucose from photosynthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when water flows on top of the ground instead of being absorbed by the soil?

<p>Surface runoff (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which form of phosphorus is primarily available for uptake by plants?

<p>Phosphate ions (PO4 3-) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do decomposers play in the phosphorus cycle?

<p>They break down dead organisms, releasing phosphates back into the environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do artificial fertilizers impact the phosphorus cycle?

<p>They introduce phosphates into the environment, which can lead to runoff. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to phosphates when marine organisms die?

<p>They settle at the bottom and contribute to sediment formation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What geological process can move sedimentary rock from the ocean to land?

<p>Uplift (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios would contribute to higher levels of phosphates in waterways?

<p>Runoff from untreated sewage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which ecosystems is phosphorus typically considered a limiting nutrient?

<p>Marine ecosystems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

10% Rule

Only 10% of energy from one trophic level is transferred to the next. The rest is lost as heat, waste, or unused biomass.

Heterotroph

An organism that gets its energy by consuming other organisms.

Autotroph

An organism that makes its own food using energy from sunlight.

Decomposer

Organisms that break down dead organisms and waste, releasing nutrients back into the environment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Producer

The first level of a food chain, organisms that make their own food through photosynthesis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mouth's Role in Digestion

The mouth starts digestion by mechanically breaking down food with teeth and chemically digesting carbohydrates with salivary amylase.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stomach's Role in Digestion

The stomach churns and mixes food with gastric juices containing pepsin, breaking down proteins. It also releases acidic chyme into the small intestine.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Small Intestine's Role

The small intestine is the primary site of nutrient absorption. It receives digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver for further breakdown.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pancreas in Digestion

The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes like amylase, protease, and lipase into the small intestine to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Liver's Role in Digestion

The liver produces bile, which aids fat digestion in the small intestine. It also filters and detoxifies substances from the blood.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Photosynthesis Equation

The balanced equation is 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2. It describes how plants use carbon dioxide, water, and light energy to create glucose and oxygen.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Light-Dependent Reactions

Occur within the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, capturing light energy to produce ATP and NADPH, which fuel the Calvin cycle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)

In the stroma of chloroplasts, carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using energy from ATP and NADPH produced during the light-dependent reactions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Aerobic Respiration

The process where living organisms use oxygen to break down glucose, releasing energy and carbon dioxide as a byproduct.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Decomposition

The breakdown of dead organisms by decomposers (fungi and bacteria) that use respiration to release energy, also releasing carbon dioxide.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fossil Fuels

Stored carbon from ancient organisms (plants and animals) formed over millions of years, like coal, oil, and natural gas.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Combustion

The chemical process of burning fossil fuels, releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ocean Carbon Sink

The ocean absorbs a significant amount of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, acting as a store of carbon.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nitrogen Fixation

The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen gas into usable forms, such as ammonium ions, by bacteria.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nitrification

The process of converting ammonium ions into nitrates by specific bacteria, making nitrogen available to plants.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Assimilation

The process where plants absorb nitrates from the soil and use them to build proteins and other molecules.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Haber Process

An industrial process that converts nitrogen gas (N2) into ammonia (NH3), used to create artificial fertilizers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Water Cycle

The continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Evaporation

The process where liquid water changes into water vapor (gas) due to heat from the sun.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Condensation

The process where water vapor (gas) changes back into liquid water, forming clouds.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Transpiration

The process where plants release water vapor from their leaves into the atmosphere.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Surface Runoff

Water that flows over the ground's surface, not absorbed into the soil. This occurs when heavy rainfall saturates the soil, resulting in excess water flowing away.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Groundwater Flow

Movement of water beneath the Earth's surface through soil layers. It can eventually resurface through streams, rivers, lakes, and the ocean.

Signup and view all the flashcards

The Phosphorus Cycle

The continuous movement of phosphorus through living organisms, soil, water, and rocks. It's essential for plant growth and is often a limiting factor in ecosystems.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Limiting Nutrient

A nutrient in short supply that restricts the growth of organisms in an ecosystem.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Phosphate Ions

The form of phosphorus found in nature, represented as PO4 3-. They combine with other elements to form compounds like calcium phosphate.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Weathering

The process of breaking down rocks into smaller particles, releasing phosphates into the soil and water.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sedimentation

The process of particles settling at the bottom of lakes and oceans, forming new sedimentary rocks.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Geological Uplift

The process of land rising from the ocean floor, bringing sedimentary rocks with them.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Digestive System

  • Describes the role of organs (mouth, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, rectum, anus) in digestion, and their anatomical locations.
  • Names specific digestive enzymes (amylase, protease, lipase, pepsin, lactase, nuclease) and their functions, noting where they act in the digestive system.
  • Explains the digestive processes for carbohydrates, cellulose/fiber, proteins, and lipids.
  • Discusses how body position affects pill digestion, the role of proteases in digestion, and data collection/analysis methods used.

Photosynthesis

  • Describes different leaf structures and their functions.
  • Explains how stomata adapt to different environments.
  • Explains how light is absorbed by plants.
  • Details lab procedures for photosynthesis and data analysis.
  • Includes the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis.
  • Explains light-dependent and light-independent reactions and their processes.
  • Identifies parts of a chloroplast.

Cellular Respiration

  • States the balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration.
  • Describes the steps of aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
  • Explains how anaerobic respiration is measured in muscle fatigue experiments.
  • Identifies parts of a mitochondrion.
  • Discusses the relationship between cyanide, respiration rate, and sugar concentration in the context of cellular respiration.

Biogeochemical Cycles (Carbon Cycle)

  • Highlights carbon's role as a backbone element in biological molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids).
  • Explains that carbon exists as carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere (around 0.04% of air).
  • Describes how plants and algae absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, storing carbon in glucose.
  • Explains that animals obtain carbon from eating plants/algae.
  • Explains how organisms release carbon dioxide from respiration.
  • Describes decomposition and its release of CO2.
  • Explains how fossil fuels form from fossilized organic matter and how their combustion releases CO2 into the atmosphere.
  • Discusses the absorption of CO2 by the oceans.

Biogeochemical Cycles (Nitrogen Cycle)

  • Explains the role of nitrogen in proteins and nucleic acids, and its abundance in the atmosphere (78%).
  • Describes nitrogen fixation by free-living and symbiotic bacteria.
  • Explains the conversion of nitrogen into ammonium ions (NH4+) via nitrification by Nitrosomonas bacteria.
  • Explains the conversion of nitrites into nitrates (NO3-) via nitrification by Nitrobacter bacteria, which are then absorbed by plant roots.
  • Discusses the process of ammonification by decomposers.
  • Explains the process of denitrification, where nitrates are converted back to nitrogen gas in anaerobic conditions.
  • Discusses the industrial Haber process for producing nitrates.

Biogeochemical Cycles (Water Cycle)

  • Explains how plant roots absorb water, and the transpiration stream, and the transport of water through plants.
  • Discusses how water evaporates from leaves into the atmosphere.
  • Describes how precipitation occurs when water vapor cools and condenses.
  • Explains percolation and ground water.
  • Explains surface runoff.

Biogeochemical Cycles (Phosphorus Cycle)

  • Explains the role of phosphorus in biological molecules.
  • Explains that phosphates are released into the environment from weathering.
  • Explains how phosphates are taken up by plant roots and passed onto other organisms in the food chain.
  • Discusses the process of decomposition and its role in phosphate recycling.
  • Explains the potential role of artificial fertilizers in increasing phosphorus levels in runoff water.

Food Chains and Webs

  • Explains how energy is transferred between trophic levels.
  • Details the 10% rule in energy transfer.
  • Classifies organisms as heterotrophs, autotrophs, predators, prey, carnivores, herbivores, omnivores, and producers.
  • Explains the role of decomposers.
  • Details the biggest energy losses in food chains from cellular respiration and waste products.

Root Words

  • Provides a list of root words related to biology, including meanings. Note the usage of prefixes in biological context like 'chlor-' (light green), 'glyc' (sugar), 'lip' (fat), 'lys' (breakdown), 'hydro' (water), 'syn' (with), 'sis' (action), 'troph' (food), 'photo' (light).

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Untitled Document PDF

More Like This

Untitled Quiz
37 questions

Untitled Quiz

WellReceivedSquirrel7948 avatar
WellReceivedSquirrel7948
Untitled Quiz
55 questions

Untitled Quiz

StatuesquePrimrose avatar
StatuesquePrimrose
Untitled Quiz
18 questions

Untitled Quiz

RighteousIguana avatar
RighteousIguana
Untitled Quiz
50 questions

Untitled Quiz

JoyousSulfur avatar
JoyousSulfur
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser