Podcast
Questions and Answers
What characterizes 'personal conflict'?
What characterizes 'personal conflict'?
Which orientation to conflict results in all parties losing?
Which orientation to conflict results in all parties losing?
What is considered the most significant predictor of divorce according to the 'Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse'?
What is considered the most significant predictor of divorce according to the 'Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse'?
What type of conflict occurs when one cannot confront the causes of frustration?
What type of conflict occurs when one cannot confront the causes of frustration?
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Which response to conflict involves withdrawing and refusing to engage?
Which response to conflict involves withdrawing and refusing to engage?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of unproductive communication?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of unproductive communication?
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In the context of conflict, what does the term 'chilling effect' refer to?
In the context of conflict, what does the term 'chilling effect' refer to?
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What leads to superindividual conflict?
What leads to superindividual conflict?
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Which response to conflict indicates a lack of accountability?
Which response to conflict indicates a lack of accountability?
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Which orientation to conflict aims for a beneficial outcome for all involved?
Which orientation to conflict aims for a beneficial outcome for all involved?
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Study Notes
Conflict
- Conflict exists when individuals who rely on each other have differing views, interests, or goals, perceiving them as incompatible.
Types of Conflict
- Personal conflict: Acting in one's self-interest.
- Nonrealistic conflict: Inability to address the root causes of frustration, leading to anger directed at others.
- Transgressions: Violations of rules.
- Superindividual conflict: Serving the collective interest, often resulting in hardened positions, increased aggression, and reduced willingness to compromise.
- Chilling effect: Withholding complaints when relational alternatives seem inferior to the current relationship.
Conflict Orientations
- Lose-lose: Everyone loses.
- Win-lose: One person wins at the expense of another.
- Win-win: All parties benefit.
Responses to Conflict
- Active-Constructive: Voice and loyalty
- Active-Destructive: Exit
- Passive-Constructive: Loyalty
- Passive-Destructive: Neglect
The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (Gottman & Silver, 2000)
- Criticism: Attacking the partner's character instead of expressing the complaint directly.
- Contempt: Disrespect, sarcasm, and insults. The strongest predictor of divorce.
- Defensiveness: Protecting oneself rather than addressing problems constructively. Excuses and avoidance of responsibility.
- Stonewalling: Withdrawal, refusal to discuss, and avoidance of responding to issues.
Unproductive Communication
- Disconfirmation of each other.
- Poor listening.
- Preoccupation with self.
- Unsupportive/undercutting each other.
- Cross-complaining.
- Hostile mind-reading.
- Frequent interruptions.
- Kitchen-sinking.
- Counterproposals.
- Self-summarizing by both partners.
- Excessive metacommunication.
- Negative affect.
Constructive Communication
- Validation of each other.
- Sensitive listening.
- Dual perspective.
- Expressed support of each other.
- Recognition of other's concerns.
- Asking for clarification.
- Infrequent interruptions.
- Focus on specific issues.
- Compromises and contracts.
- Useful metacommunication.
- Summarizing concerns.
- Positive affect.
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