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What is the circulatory system responsible for?
What is the circulatory system responsible for?
Transporting materials throughout the entire body
What are the three main components of the circulatory system?
What are the three main components of the circulatory system?
The heart pumps blood around the body.
The heart pumps blood around the body.
True
What is the heart's size and location?
What is the heart's size and location?
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What divides the heart into two sections?
What divides the heart into two sections?
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Which side of the heart contains oxygen-poor blood?
Which side of the heart contains oxygen-poor blood?
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What is the function of the pericardium?
What is the function of the pericardium?
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What are the three layers of the heart wall?
What are the three layers of the heart wall?
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Which heart chamber is responsible for receiving deoxygenated blood from the body?
Which heart chamber is responsible for receiving deoxygenated blood from the body?
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What prevents the backflow of blood in the heart?
What prevents the backflow of blood in the heart?
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The bicuspid valve is located on the [blank] side of the heart.
The bicuspid valve is located on the [blank] side of the heart.
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What are two types of heart valves?
What are two types of heart valves?
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What are the two main veins that carry deoxygenated blood to the heart?
What are the two main veins that carry deoxygenated blood to the heart?
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What carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?
What carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?
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What carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart?
What carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart?
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What is the largest artery in the human body?
What is the largest artery in the human body?
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Which of the following blood vessels is responsible for connecting arterioles to veins?
Which of the following blood vessels is responsible for connecting arterioles to veins?
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Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
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The aorta is the largest artery in the heart.
The aorta is the largest artery in the heart.
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What are the two main components of blood?
What are the two main components of blood?
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Which blood cell is responsible for carrying oxygen to the tissues?
Which blood cell is responsible for carrying oxygen to the tissues?
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The number of white blood cells increases when the body is fighting infection.
The number of white blood cells increases when the body is fighting infection.
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What is the function of platelets?
What is the function of platelets?
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What is the main constituent of plasma?
What is the main constituent of plasma?
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Fibrinogen is responsible for blood clotting.
Fibrinogen is responsible for blood clotting.
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What are the three types of blood circulation?
What are the three types of blood circulation?
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What does coronary circulation refer to?
What does coronary circulation refer to?
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What is the path of pulmonary circulation?
What is the path of pulmonary circulation?
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Where does systemic circulation start and end?
Where does systemic circulation start and end?
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What is blood pressure?
What is blood pressure?
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What does systolic pressure represent?
What does systolic pressure represent?
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What is a common cause of atherosclerosis? (Choose all that apply)
What is a common cause of atherosclerosis? (Choose all that apply)
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What is a potential consequence of coronary artery disease?
What is a potential consequence of coronary artery disease?
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What are varicose veins?
What are varicose veins?
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What is rheumatic heart disease caused by?
What is rheumatic heart disease caused by?
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Congenital heart disease is present at birth.
Congenital heart disease is present at birth.
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What is anemia characterized by?
What is anemia characterized by?
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What does hemophilia prevent?
What does hemophilia prevent?
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Study Notes
Biology 8 - Science and Health
- The theme for this class is the 5C's (Competence, Character, Commitment to Achieve, Collaboration, Creativity) through academic rigor, growth mindset, and grit.
Unit 2: Life Processes of Living Things - Circulatory System
- The circulatory system moves materials throughout the body.
- It carries nutrients and water to cells, and removes wastes like carbon dioxide.
- The system acts like a highway, connecting all body cells.
Introduction of Circulatory System
- The circulatory system ensures efficient transport of essential elements.
- This system has no mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood.
Components of Circulatory System
- Heart
- Blood
- Blood vessels (arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, capillaries)
Heart Facts
- The heart is a muscle.
- It pumps approximately 2,000 gallons of blood daily.
- It beats between 60 to 100 times per minute.
- The heart has a pericardium, a protective sac of connective tissue, filled with fluid.
Gases Transported in the Circulatory System
- The blood transports oxygen for cellular respiration.
- It carries away carbon dioxide produced by cells
Types of Blood
- Oxygen-rich blood: Travels to body cells, high oxygen, low carbon dioxide.
- Oxygen-poor blood: Travels away from body cells, low oxygen, high carbon dioxide.
Heart Sections
- The heart is divided into two sections to keep oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood separate.
- Each section contains an atrium (receives blood) and a ventricle (pumps blood).
Heart Covering
- The pericardium covers the heart and large blood vessels attached to it.
- It's a protective sac of connective tissue surrounding the heart.
- Filled with a fluid.
- The innermost layer is called the visceral pericardium and is directly on the heart.
- The outer layer is called the parietal pericardium.
Heart Walls
- Epicardium: Outermost layer, fat cushions the heart.
- Myocardium: Middle layer, mainly cardiac muscle for contractions. Electrical conductivity similar to nerves. Blood supply from coronary arteries.
- Endocardium: Innermost layer, thin and smooth, stretches during heart pumping.
Heart Chambers
- Atria: Upper chambers that receive blood into the heart.
- Ventricles: Lower chambers that pump blood out of the heart.
- Septum: Wall between the right and left sides, preventing mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
Right Atrium
- Receives deoxygenated blood from the superior vena cava.
- Pumps blood into the right ventricle.
Right Ventricle
- Receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium.
- Pumps blood into the pulmonary artery.
Left Atrium
- Receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins.
- Pumps blood into the left ventricle.
Left Ventricle
- Receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium.
- Pumps blood into the aorta.
Heart Valves
- Atrioventricular (AV) valves: Bicuspid (mitral) valve (left side) and Tricuspid valve (right side), control blood flow between atria and ventricles, preventing backflow.
- Semilunar valves: Pulmonary valve (right side) and Aortic valve (left side), control blood flow from ventricles to arteries, preventing backflow.
Heart Vessels
- Vena Cava (Superior and Inferior): Large veins that carry deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.
- Pulmonary Artery: Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
- Pulmonary Vein: Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
- Aorta: Largest artery, carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body.
Blood Vessels (Arteries, Veins, Capillaries)
- Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart, with thick walls to withstand high pressure.
- Capillaries: Tiny vessels connecting arterioles to venules, thin walls for efficient gas and nutrient exchange with tissues.
- Veins: Carry blood towards the heart. Walls are thinner than arteries, contain one-way valves.
Blood
- Plasma: Liquid component of blood, 90% water, containing dissolved gases, salts, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, wastes, and proteins.
- Blood cells: Red blood cells (transport oxygen), white blood cells (fight infection), and platelets (blood clotting).
Red Blood Cells
- Called erythrocytes, most numerous.
- Transport oxygen throughout the tissues.
- Contain haemoglobin, which bonds with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin.
- Disc-shaped, made in red bone marrow; circulate for 120 days.
White Blood Cells
- Called leukocytes, larger than red blood cells.
- Part of the body's defense system.
- Defend against infection, fight parasites, attack bacteria.
- Some white blood cells surround and consume harmful microbes.
- Some produce antibodies that fight infection.
Platelets
- Formed in red bone marrow, involved in blood clotting.
- Help repair tissues and close wounds.
- Form a plug over wounds when needed.
Blood Circulation
- Coronary Circulation (Blood supply to heart muscle).
- Pulmonary Circulation (Blood flow to lungs for oxygenation).
- Systemic Circulation (Blood flow to body tissues).
Blood Pressure
- Blood pressure is the force of blood against the artery walls.
- Systolic pressure: Pressure when ventricles contract.
- Diastolic pressure: Pressure when ventricles relax.
- Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).
Diseases in the Circulatory System
- Atherosclerosis: Narrowing of arteries due to plaque build-up.
- Coronary Artery Disease: Atherosclerosis affects arteries supplying heart muscle.
- Varicose Veins: Swollen and twisted veins, commonly in legs.
- Rheumatic Heart Disease: Inflammatory disease damaging heart valves.
- Congenital Heart Disease: Defect present at birth.
- Anemia: Body lacks enough red blood cells.
- Leukemia: Body produces too many white blood cells.
- Hemophilia: Inherited disease preventing proper blood clotting.
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