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Revision Card 1: Christopher Columbus Finding the Americas

  • Year of Exploration: 1492

  • Background: Columbus was an Italian explorer funded by Spain’s King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella.

  • Objective: To find a westward sea route to Asia.

  • Voyage: Columbus set sail with three ships: the Niña, the Pinta, and the Santa María.

  • Discovery: On October 12, 1492, Columbus landed on an island in the Bahamas, which he named San Salvador.

  • Misconception: Columbus thought he had reached Asia (the Indies), hence calling the native people "Indians."

  • Significance: Columbus's voyages led to the widespread awareness of the Americas in Europe.

Revision Card 2: Impact of Columbus's Voyages

  • Colonization: Columbus's discoveries opened the way for the colonization of the Americas by European powers.

  • Exchange: The Columbian Exchange began, involving the transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World.

  • Indigenous Peoples: The arrival of Europeans had devastating effects on native populations due to diseases, warfare, and enslavement.

Revision Card 3: The Aztec Empire Before the Conquest

  • Location: Central Mexico, in what is now Mexico City.

  • Capital: Tenochtitlan, an advanced city built on an island in Lake Texcoco.

  • Society: The Aztecs were known for their rich culture, impressive architecture, and complex social, political, and religious systems.

  • Economy: The Aztec economy was based on agriculture, trade, and tribute from conquered territories.

Revision Card 4: Hernán Cortés and the Battle with the Aztecs

  • Year: 1519-1521

  • Conquistador: Hernán Cortés, a Spanish explorer and soldier.

  • Allies: Cortés formed alliances with other indigenous groups who were enemies of the Aztecs.

  • Fall of Tenochtitlan: In 1521, after a prolonged siege, Tenochtitlan fell to Cortés's forces.

  • Emperor: The Aztec emperor Montezuma II was captured and later died under unclear circumstances.

  • Outcome: The fall of the Aztec Empire marked the beginning of Spanish dominance in the region.

Revision Card 5: Aftermath of the Conquest

  • Colonial Rule: Spain established the colony of New Spain, with Mexico City built on the ruins of Tenochtitlan.

  • Cultural Impact: The conquest led to the blending of Spanish and indigenous cultures, but also to significant loss of indigenous culture, traditions, and population.

  • Legacy: The events shaped the history and identity of modern Mexico.

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