36 Questions
What was the cache size in the original version of the Pentium microprocessor?
8K bytes
Which microprocessor had an internal structure modified to execute about half of its instructions in one clock instead of two clocks?
80486
What was the data bus width of the Pentium II and Pentium III microprocessors?
64 bits
Which microprocessor was originally labeled as P5 or 80586?
Pentium
What determines the existence of an extended memory system?
The type of microprocessor
What is the purpose of the I/O address space in a computer system?
To allow communication with external devices
What is the significance of the I/O addresses between 0000 and 03FFH in an 8088/8086 microprocessor?
They are reserved for system devices
What does the address bus determine in a computer system?
The locations that can be accessed
What was the major improvement in execution speed compared to the 8085 for the 8086 and 8088?
16 times faster execution speed
How many memory locations are there in a 1M-byte memory system?
1048576
What was the main reason for introducing the 80286 microprocessor in 1983?
To handle the limitations of the 1M-byte memory system
What was the significant improvement introduced in the 80386 microprocessor by Intel?
Capability to address up to 4G bytes of memory
What type of microprocessor is designed to process all elements of a vector using a single instruction, and is commonly used in videogame console hardware and graphics accelerators?
Array Processors
Which type of microprocessor executes more than one instruction per cycle and has multiple pipelines?
Superscalar Processors
What does a RISC processor focus on in the design of its control unit?
Hardware approach
Which type of microprocessor is specifically designed for performing mathematical operations on signals?
Digital Signal Processors (DSP)
What is the basic building block of Bit-Slice Processors?
ALUs
Which microprocessor type is specially designed to operate as a component processor in a multiprocessor system?
Transputers
Which type of microprocessor is used for expert systems, machine intelligence, and knowledge-based systems?
Symbolic Processors
What is the purpose of a Coprocessor in a microprocessor chip?
Reduce the workload of the main processor
What is a key feature of microprocessors in terms of power consumption?
Use of metal oxide semiconductor technology, consuming less power
What was the significance of the Intel 4004 microprocessor?
It was the world's first microprocessor and programmable controller on a chip
What is the most notable feature of the Intel 8008 microprocessor released in 1971-72?
It had an instruction set containing 45 instructions
What is the significance of a 4-bit-wide memory location in microprocessors?
It enabled addressing of 4096 memory locations
What was the major improvement introduced by the Intel 80386 microprocessor?
Execution of about half of its instructions in one clock instead of two clocks
What makes microprocessors versatile in their applications?
The same chip can be used for several applications
Why is it a challenge to keep CPUs cool in the recent era?
Increased heat generation from semiconductor technology
How do microprocessors contribute to portability?
Their small size and low power consumption make them portable
What was the major improvement in memory address space introduced by the 80286 microprocessor?
Increased to 16M-byte from 1M-byte
What was the clock speed of the 80286 microprocessor in its 8.0 MHz version?
250 ns
What was the data bus width of the 8088 microprocessor?
8 bits
Which microprocessor contained the first practical 32-bit data bus and 32-bit memory address?
80386
What was the execution speed of the 80386 microprocessor in some instructions?
250 ns
What was the major improvement over the execution speed of the 8085 for the 8086 and 8088?
$2.5$ millions of instructions per second
What was the data bus width of the 80386 microprocessor?
$32$ bits
How many memory locations are there in a 1M-byte memory system?
$1024$K
Study Notes
Microprocessor Development
- The original Pentium microprocessor had a cache size of 8 KB for data and 8 KB for instructions.
- The Pentium Pro microprocessor had an internal structure modified to execute about half of its instructions in one clock instead of two clocks.
Data Bus Width
- The data bus width of the Pentium II and Pentium III microprocessors was 64 bits.
Microprocessor Identification
- The Pentium microprocessor was originally labeled as P5 or 80586.
Memory Systems
- The existence of an extended memory system is determined by the memory address space exceeding 1 MB.
- In a computer system, the I/O address space is used to communicate with external devices.
- The I/O addresses between 0000 and 03FFH in an 8088/8086 microprocessor are reserved for I/O operations.
Address Bus
- The address bus determines the maximum number of memory locations that can be addressed in a computer system.
Microprocessor Improvements
- The 8086 and 8088 microprocessors showed a major improvement in execution speed compared to the 8085, with a 5-fold increase.
- The main reason for introducing the 80286 microprocessor in 1983 was to provide a larger address space and improved multitasking capabilities.
- The significant improvement introduced in the 80386 microprocessor by Intel was the introduction of a 32-bit architecture.
Vector and Pipelining Processors
- A vector processor is designed to process all elements of a vector using a single instruction, commonly used in videogame console hardware and graphics accelerators.
- A superscalar processor executes more than one instruction per cycle and has multiple pipelines.
RISC Processors
- A RISC processor focuses on simplifying the design of its control unit.
Signal Processing and Bit-Slice Processors
- A digital signal processor is specifically designed for performing mathematical operations on signals.
- The basic building block of Bit-Slice Processors is a small processor that can be combined to create a larger processor.
Multiprocessor Systems and Knowledge-Based Systems
- A multiprocessor is specially designed to operate as a component processor in a multiprocessor system.
- A knowledge-based processor is used for expert systems, machine intelligence, and knowledge-based systems.
Coprocessors and Power Consumption
- The purpose of a Coprocessor in a microprocessor chip is to offload specific tasks from the main processor.
- A key feature of microprocessors is their low power consumption.
Historical Significance
- The Intel 4004 microprocessor was the first general-purpose microprocessor, introduced in 1971.
- The Intel 8008 microprocessor, released in 1972, was notable for its 8-bit architecture and 14-bit address bus.
- A 4-bit-wide memory location in microprocessors allows for addressing up to 16 memory locations.
Microprocessor Contributions
- Microprocessors contribute to portability by allowing devices to be designed to be small and lightweight.
- The versatility of microprocessors in their applications is due to their ability to be programmed for various tasks.
- The challenge of keeping CPUs cool in the recent era is due to increased clock speeds and power consumption.
Learn about the features and improvements of the 80286 microprocessor, including its faster execution speed, increased memory addressing, and data bus width. Understand how these enhancements made it suitable for handling databases and other applications.
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