80286 Microprocessor Features

Microprocessor Development

• The original Pentium microprocessor had a cache size of 8 KB for data and 8 KB for instructions.
• The Pentium Pro microprocessor had an internal structure modified to execute about half of its instructions in one clock instead of two clocks.

Data Bus Width

• The data bus width of the Pentium II and Pentium III microprocessors was 64 bits.

Microprocessor Identification

• The Pentium microprocessor was originally labeled as P5 or 80586.

Memory Systems

• The existence of an extended memory system is determined by the memory address space exceeding 1 MB.
• In a computer system, the I/O address space is used to communicate with external devices.
• The I/O addresses between 0000 and 03FFH in an 8088/8086 microprocessor are reserved for I/O operations.

Address Bus

• The address bus determines the maximum number of memory locations that can be addressed in a computer system.

Microprocessor Improvements

• The 8086 and 8088 microprocessors showed a major improvement in execution speed compared to the 8085, with a 5-fold increase.
• The main reason for introducing the 80286 microprocessor in 1983 was to provide a larger address space and improved multitasking capabilities.
• The significant improvement introduced in the 80386 microprocessor by Intel was the introduction of a 32-bit architecture.

Vector and Pipelining Processors

• A vector processor is designed to process all elements of a vector using a single instruction, commonly used in videogame console hardware and graphics accelerators.
• A superscalar processor executes more than one instruction per cycle and has multiple pipelines.

RISC Processors

• A RISC processor focuses on simplifying the design of its control unit.

Signal Processing and Bit-Slice Processors

• A digital signal processor is specifically designed for performing mathematical operations on signals.
• The basic building block of Bit-Slice Processors is a small processor that can be combined to create a larger processor.

Multiprocessor Systems and Knowledge-Based Systems

• A multiprocessor is specially designed to operate as a component processor in a multiprocessor system.
• A knowledge-based processor is used for expert systems, machine intelligence, and knowledge-based systems.

Coprocessors and Power Consumption

• The purpose of a Coprocessor in a microprocessor chip is to offload specific tasks from the main processor.
• A key feature of microprocessors is their low power consumption.

Historical Significance

• The Intel 4004 microprocessor was the first general-purpose microprocessor, introduced in 1971.
• The Intel 8008 microprocessor, released in 1972, was notable for its 8-bit architecture and 14-bit address bus.
• A 4-bit-wide memory location in microprocessors allows for addressing up to 16 memory locations.

Microprocessor Contributions

• Microprocessors contribute to portability by allowing devices to be designed to be small and lightweight.
• The versatility of microprocessors in their applications is due to their ability to be programmed for various tasks.
• The challenge of keeping CPUs cool in the recent era is due to increased clock speeds and power consumption.

Learn about the features and improvements of the 80286 microprocessor, including its faster execution speed, increased memory addressing, and data bus width. Understand how these enhancements made it suitable for handling databases and other applications.