7th Grade Chapter 10 Study Guide - 10.1

The region of the United States north of the Mason-Dixon line, known for its industrial development, larger population, and opposition to slavery.

The region of the United States south of the Mason-Dixon line, primarily reliant on agriculture and slave labor, with a smaller population and limited transportation infrastructure.

A proposal by Congressman David Wilmot in 1846 to prohibit slavery in any territories acquired from Mexico. This proposal fueled tensions between the North and South over the issue of slavery's expansion.

The series of laws passed in 1850 to address the growing tensions between the North and South over slavery. It included the admission of California as a free state, the establishment of popular sovereignty in Utah and New Mexico, and stricter enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act.

The idea that residents of a territory should decide whether to allow slavery, which was part of the Compromise of 1850.

The Compromise of 1850 aimed to resolve tensions between North and South, but instead, it triggered increased sectionalism.

The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 required citizens to assist in capturing runaway slaves, even in free states, and denied fugitive slaves basic legal rights.

It made it even harder for slaves to escape by making citizens responsible for their capture and stripping them of legal protections.

The Underground Railroad was a secret network that helped slaves escape to freedom in the North, often using safe houses and secret routes.

Harriet Tubman, a former slave, was a prominent conductor on the Underground Railroad, helping hundreds reach freedom despite the Fugitive Slave Act.

Uncle Tom's Cabin, a novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe, depicted the harsh realities of slavery and fueled anti-slavery sentiments in the North. It angered slave defenders in the South.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act, proposed by Stephen Douglas, allowed for the possible expansion of slavery into new territories. It intensified tensions and sectionalism.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act allowed for the creation of two new territories, Kansas and Nebraska, and intensified the debate over the expansion of slavery into new territories.

Repealed the Missouri Compromise and allowed for Popular Sovereignty in western territories, leading to violence in Kansas.

The period of violent conflict in Kansas Territory from 1854 to 1859, caused by competing pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups.

An event in 1856 where pro-slavery men attacked and destroyed anti-slavery property in Lawrence, Kansas.

John Brown's retaliatory attack in 1856, where he and his followers killed five pro-slavery settlers in Pottawatomie Creek, Kansas.

The 1857 Supreme Court decision that declared slaves were not citizens and thus had no right to sue in federal court.

A series of debates in 1858 between Stephen Douglas and Abraham Lincoln, focusing on the issue of slavery in the territories.

A political party formed in 1854 to oppose the expansion of slavery into the territories.

James Buchanan, the Democrat who won the 1856 presidential election. His presidency was marked by controversies surrounding slavery.

The idea that slavery was morally wrong and should be stopped in all territories, a stance that put him at odds with pro-slavery advocates.

The strong belief that the federal government had a duty to protect slavery in all territories, even against popular will.

A failed attempt to incite a slave rebellion and seize arms from the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Virginia. John Brown's actions further heightened tensions between the North and South.

The event that marked the start of the Civil War, occurring just 37 days after Abraham Lincoln's inauguration as President.

The first state to secede from the Union, prompted by Abraham Lincoln's election as President, a victory seen as a threat to their interests.

The confederation of Southern states that seceded from the Union in 1861, formed with the goal of preserving slavery and resisting federal authority.

The elected President of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War, representing the cause of the Southern states.