Questions and Answers
What was the first drug developed from snake venom?
Poisonous animals have specialized venom glands.
False
What is the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor drugs?
To control blood pressure.
The drug _____ is derived from bradykinin-potentiating peptides.
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Match the following drugs with their primary function:
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What technology has led to a deeper understanding of the structure and pharmacological efficacy of venom peptides?
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What animal is Teprotide isolated from?
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What type of creatures produce venom?
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Name one drug used in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus derived from the venom of Gila monster.
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Study Notes
Overview of Venomics
- Venomics, a blend of transcriptomics and proteomics, explores the structure and pharmacological potency of animal venoms.
- Venomous animals possess specialized glands to deliver toxins, while poisonous animals utilize different methods for defense.
Importance of Animal Venoms in Drug Development
- Venoms are considered significant pharmacological resources, known as “pharmacological gold mines.”
- Advances in OMIC technologies allow for an enhanced understanding of venomous peptides and their therapeutic potential.
Key Drugs Derived from Animal Venom
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Teprotide (Captopril®):
- First drug from snake venom (Bothrops jararaca), developed in 1981.
- Acts as an ACE inhibitor, lowering blood pressure.
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Desirudin:
- Isolated from saliva of Hirudo medicinalis, serves as a thrombin inhibitor.
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Eptifibatide (Integrilin®):
- Isolated from Sistrurus miliarius, targets αIIbβ3 integrin for anticoagulation.
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Melittin:
- Found in honeybee venom (Apis mellifera), exhibits anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties.
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Chlorotoxin:
- Isolated from Leiurus quinquestriatus, targets various cancer-specific ion channels and matrix metalloproteinases.
Therapeutic Applications of Peptides
- Antihypertensive: Teprotide, BPPs
- Anticoagulants: Integrilin, Tirofiban
- Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) & Anticancer: Scorpine, Chlorotoxin, Hermatoxin
- Anti-inflammatory: Melittin, Prostaglandin inhibitors
- Analgesic: ω-conotoxin, Exenatide (from Gila monster venom)
Methodology in Venomics Research
- Venomics research employs various techniques, merging proteomics and transcriptomics for comprehensive toxin characterization.
- Mapping the "toxinome" provides insight into the full spectrum of venoms.
Recent Findings and Innovations
- New structural and functional insights from both terrestrial and marine venomous animals highlight potential for drug development.
- Encouraging progress in creating alternatives for traditional drugs with nonspecific effects and addictive qualities.
Acknowledgment
- Research supported by the Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) under the cooperation grant (45890).
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Description
Explore the innovative presentations from the 7th Annual Student Research Conference centered on 'Challenges and Creativity: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Developing Science.' This session delves into the exciting field of Structural and Functional Venomics and its implications for drug discovery and development. Join the discussion and learn about the cutting-edge research being conducted by emerging scientists.
