Clinic I Lecture 1

Questions and Answers

What is the relationship between periodontal infection and systemic disease?

They are bidirectional

What is the primary cause of tooth-related disease?

Plaque

What is one of the modifiable risk factors for periodontal disease and systemic disease?

Smoking

What is the difference between a gingival pocket and a periodontal pocket?

Gingival pockets are formed by gingival enlargement, while periodontal pockets are formed by apical migration of the junctional epithelium. Signup and view all the answers

What is the early lesion in gingivitis?

Increase in inflammatory response Signup and view all the answers

What are the three categories of periodontal disease?

Pristine periodontal health, clinical periodontal health, and periodontal disease stability Signup and view all the answers

What is the major public health problem in the United States?

Obesity Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of suprabony?

Pocket in which the base of the pocket is coronal to the crest of the alveolar bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and periodontitis?

Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome are more likely to have periodontitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the periodontium?

The layer of tissue that surrounds and supports the teeth. Signup and view all the answers

What is the major factor in the development of periodontal disease?

Diet Signup and view all the answers

What is periodontal disease remission/control characterized by?

A reduction in inflammation, bleeding on probing, and pocket depth. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of periodontal disease?

Plaque Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective way to reverse early gingivitis?

Control the biofilm Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors that contribute to the development of periodontal infection?

Gingival recession, enlarged gingiva, operculum, periodontal pocket, and mouth breathing Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between intrabony and suprabony?

Intrabony is pocket in which the base of the pocket is above or coronal to the crest of the alveolar bone, while suprabony is pocket in which the base of the pocket is below or apical to the crest of the alveolar bone Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Periodontal infections and systemic diseases and conditions are associated, but there is no evidence that periodontal disease causes systemic disease.
Smoking, diabetes, obesity, diet, and alcohol intake are all modifiable risk factors for periodontal disease and systemic disease.
Periodontal treatment may be less effective in smokers than in those who do not smoke.
The relationship between periodontal infection and systemic disease is bidirectional, meaning that a patient with diabetes is more likely to have more severe periodontal disease.
Metabolic syndrome is a group of risk factors for heart disease and diabetes that includes hypertension, hyperglycemia, excess abdominal fat, and high cholesterol/triglycerides.
Individuals with MetS are 38% more likely to have periodontitis.
Obesity is about 40% in the United States and continues to increase resulting in a major public health problem.
Alcohol intake is associated with an increased risk for periodontal disease.
Diet is a major factor in the development of periodontal disease.
Psychological stress, anxiety, and depression are associated with an increased risk for periodontal disease.
Medication induced changes, such as changes in glycemic control, may play a role in the development of periodontal disease.
Age is a major factor in the development of periodontal disease.
Dental factors, such as tooth surface, tooth contour, tooth position, and dental appliances, play a role in the development of periodontal disease.
Gingival factors, such as recession, enlarged gingiva, operculum, periodontal pocket, and mouth breathing, contribute to the development of periodontal infection.
The inflammatory response and the development of periodontal infection are complex processes that are influenced by patient and environmental factors.
The early lesion in gingivitis is an increase in the inflammatory response.
The biofilm on the teeth becomes older and thicker, with infiltration of fluid, macrophages, T-cells, and neutrophils.
Collagen fiber support is destroyed, and the epithelium proliferates.
Gingivitis becomes an established lesion if undisturbed.
Early gingivitis is reversible when biofilm is controlled and inflammation is reduced.