Shelf 2016

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Questions and Answers

Células q detectan cambios en alta presión?

  • Juxtaglomerular cells (correct)

Homeobox gene regulates 3 germ cell layer proliferation and organization. How?

Active transcription of other genes

Enfermedad con anticuerpos a post synaptic receptors daña?

Nicotinic ach receptors ~ Myasthesia Gravis

Hay una herida, cuál de estos se activa por una proteasa?

<p>Thrombin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Know calcium as a secondary messenger mechanism! Preguntaba que si era pegándose a phosphorylated PKA, que si salía del ER al cytosol, etc.

<p>Calcium acts as a secondary messenger by binding to intracellular proteins, leading to various cellular responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Neutrófilo se le daña ALGO (no te dicen qué). Te dicen que no se daña ni su receptor ni su activación tras ser estimulada. Qué es lo que se daña?

<p>Focal adhesions (e.g. Integrinas)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Te marcan un kupfer cell en una laminilla y te preguntan su función

<p>Fagocitar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Te comparaba un thymus de una niña versus el de una señora. Cuál es un sign de thymus degeneration due to aging?

<p>Se encoje con la edad. Decreased thickness of cortex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

SRY gene

<p>Gonads.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mujer que se presenta después de una caída y fractura en la tibia con osteopenia. Low bone density en caderas y piernas. Deficiencia en cuál glándula provocaría esto?

<p>Parathyroid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Células cardiacas (myocytes) que tienen decrease myofibrils, large diameter and increased glycogen. Where in the heart are they located?

<p>Purkinje (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qué componentes de las células del corazón están compuestos de connexons?

<p>Intercalated discs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cuáles son las células que están más activas en cell cycle?

<p>Intestinal mucosa, taenia coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

Si se va la cilia, qué células se afectan?

<p>Oviduct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

En el cell cycle, la pérdida de cuál estructura hace que no pueda atarse el mitotic spindle a los cromosomas?

<p>Kinetochores</p> Signup and view all the answers

DNA synthesis occurs when in the cell cycle?

<p>Interphase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Paciente con un enlarged thyroid, normal TSH levels but high T3 and T4. Qué células están provocando este comportamiento?

<p>Thyroid follicular cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Malignant cells change the integrity of which protein to move through ECM?

<p>Integrin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does mitochondria reach final part of axon?

<p>Microtubules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cómo varían las sinapsis entre dos neuronas vs. las que son entre una neurona y un músculo? Las myoneural synapsis, a cambio de las interneuronales, tendrán:

<p>Secondary postsynaptic cleft, presynaptic vesicles, myelin at nerve terminal, postsynaptic receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Schwann cells help PNS?

<p>Saltatory Conduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fibronectin ayuda en healing, how?

<p>Binding of cells to extracellular proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where else is tubulin found?

<p>Basal bodies. Formation and organization of cillia and flagella.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anticuerpo que inhibe motility, contra cuál proteína?

<p>Desmin.(cillia and flagella)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dónde está localizado el gradiente de protones para hacer ATP? (marcar en un diagrama de mitocondria)

<p>Inner membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cogías una célula, la picabas en pedacitos, la centrifugabas, le echabas Na+ y K+ y lo que hacía era hidrolizar ATP o hacer cAMP. Cuál de los componentes se relaciona con esto?

<p>Plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What do juxtaglomerular cells detect?

Detect changes in high blood pressure.

What does homeobox gene regulate?

Regulates 3 germ cell layer proliferation and organization

Myasthenia Gravis

Cause damage with antibodies to postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors.

What is damaged when neutrophils are affected without receptor or activation damage?

Focal adhesions such as integrins

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Function of kupffer cells?

Liver macrophage; phagocytic (monocyte derived)

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How does thymus change due to aging?

Shrinks with age via decreased thickness of the cortex.

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Elevated T3 and T4, what cells are responsible?

Enlarged thyroid but with normal TSH levels but elevated T3 and T4 levels, thyroid follicular cells are provoking this action.

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Where else is tubulin found?

Basal bodies

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Which cell component hydrolyzes ATP or makes cAMP?

Plasma membrane

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Study Notes

  • Detection of changes in high pressure occurs via juxtaglomerular cells

  • Homeobox gene regulates the proliferation and organization of 3 germ cell layers through active transcription of other genes

  • Myasthenia Gravis damages nicotinic acetylcholine receptors through antibodies to postsynaptic receptors

  • Thrombin is activated by a protease during wound healing, along with platelet-derived growth factor and other growth factors

  • Calcium functions as a secondary messenger mechanism, potentially binding to phosphorylated PKA or exiting the ER to the cytosol

  • When neutrophils are damaged, focal adhesions are impaired, but the receptor and activation upon stimulation are not

  • Kupffer cells are liver macrophages, derived from monocytes and characterized by phagocytic function

  • Thymus degeneration sign due to aging is decreased thickness of the cortex

  • SRY gene is gonads

  • Fractures and osteopenia in a woman with low bone density may be caused by a deficiency in the parathyroid gland

  • Cardiac myocytes with decreased myofibrils, large diameter, and increased glycogen are located in the SA node, purkinje fibers, tricuspid valve where gap junctions exist between cardiac muscle cells and there are intercalated discs

  • Intercellular bridges, intercalated discs and annulus fibrosus are components of the heart cell made of connexons

  • Intestinal mucosa and taenia coli are the most active in the cell cycle

  • If cilia are lost, the oviduct cells are affected

  • Loss of kinetochores prevents the mitotic spindle from attaching to chromosomes in the cell cycle

  • DNA synthesis occurs during interphase

  • Enlarged thyroid with normal TSH but high T3 and T4 is caused by thyroid follicular cells

  • Malignant cells change the integrity of integrin proteins to move through the extracellular matrix

  • Mitochondria reach the final part of the axon using microtubules

  • Myoneural synapses, as opposed to interneuronal synapses, have secondary postsynaptic cleft

  • Schwann cells help the PNS through saltatory conduction

  • Fibronectin aids in healing through the binding of cells to extracellular proteins

  • Tubulin is also found in basal bodies and participates in the formation and organization of cilia and flagella

  • Desmin, located in cilia and flagella, is an antibody that inhibits motility

  • Proton gradient for ATP production is localized in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion

  • Plasma membrane components hydrolyze ATP or make cAMP during cell fractionation

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