6.3 Jainism: Vardhamana Mahavira

Jainism

• Emerged in the 6th century BC, around the time of Buddha and the composition of the Upanishads
• Founded by Vardhamana Mahavira, a prince of the Lichchhavis and a member of the Kshatriya group
• Mahavira left home at 30, lived in a forest for 12 years, and achieved enlightenment at 42
• Died in Pava, Bihar
• Followers of Mahavira are known as Jains, derived from "jina," meaning "conqueror"
• Jainism is based on the three jewels:
  • Right faith
  • Right knowledge
  • Right action

Mahavira's Teachings

• Stressed the importance of non-violence (ahimsa) towards all living beings
• Believed in the cycle of birth and death, and that liberation could be achieved by following the three jewels
• Followers had to renounce worldly possessions and observe celibacy
• Men had to give up their possessions and family ties

Other Related Groups

Ajivikas

• Initially a disciple of Mahavira, but later branched out on their own
• Believed that everything was pre-determined and destined to happen
• Practiced severe penances and spent time in forests

Learn about Vardhamana Mahavira, an important thinker who emerged around the 6th century BC in the Indian subcontinent. Discover his background, journey to enlightenment, and contributions to Jainism.