6.3 Jainism: Vardhamana Mahavira

Where did Vardhamana Mahavira achieve enlightenment?

What is the meaning of the term 'Jains'?

Which jewel was emphasized by Mahavira among the 'Three Jewels'?

What did the followers of Mahavira have to give up to attain salvation?

What rule did Mahavira stress upon regarding beings?

Which group of people practiced pre-determined fate and destiny according to the text?

Jainism

Emerged in the 6th century BC, around the time of Buddha and the composition of the Upanishads
Founded by Vardhamana Mahavira, a prince of the Lichchhavis and a member of the Kshatriya group
Mahavira left home at 30, lived in a forest for 12 years, and achieved enlightenment at 42
Died in Pava, Bihar
Followers of Mahavira are known as Jains, derived from "jina," meaning "conqueror"
Jainism is based on the three jewels:
- Right faith
- Right knowledge
- Right action

Mahavira's Teachings

Stressed the importance of non-violence (ahimsa) towards all living beings
Believed in the cycle of birth and death, and that liberation could be achieved by following the three jewels
Followers had to renounce worldly possessions and observe celibacy
Men had to give up their possessions and family ties

Ajivikas

Initially a disciple of Mahavira, but later branched out on their own
Believed that everything was pre-determined and destined to happen
Practiced severe penances and spent time in forests

Learn about Vardhamana Mahavira, an important thinker who emerged around the 6th century BC in the Indian subcontinent. Discover his background, journey to enlightenment, and contributions to Jainism.