Probability

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Questions and Answers

If the probability of A, B, and C solving a sum correctly are 1/2, 1/3, and 1/5 respectively, what is the probability that at least one of them solves it correctly?

  • 1/20
  • 4/15
  • 11/15 (correct)
  • 19/20

If P(A) = 2/5, P(B) = 1/2, and P(A ∩ B) = 1/5, what is P(A' ∩ B')?

  • 1/2
  • 1/5
  • 4/5
  • 3/10 (correct)

If three coins are tossed, what is the probability of getting exactly two heads?

  • 3/8 (correct)
  • 1/8
  • None of these
  • 2/8

If P(A) = 0.7, P(B) = 0.4, and P(A ∩ B) = 0.3, what is P(A ∩ B')?

<p>2/5 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If there are 5 red balls and x black balls in a bag, and the probability of drawing two red balls at random is 5/14, what is the value of x?

<p>3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If P(A) = 0.25, P(B) = 0.50, and P(A ∩ B) = 0.14, what is P(A' ∩ B')?

<p>0.39 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A die is thrown. Let A be the event that the number obtained is greater than 3, and B be the event that the number obtained is less than 5. What is P(A ∩ B)?

<p>1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = x, and P(A ∪ B) = 0.7, and events A and B are mutually exclusive, what is the value of x?

<p>3/10 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bag X contains 2 white and 3 black balls; bag Y contains 4 white and 2 black balls. If a bag is selected at random and a ball is drawn, what's the probability the chosen ball is white?

<p>8/15 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A box contains 6 red marbles numbered 1-6 and 4 white marbles numbered 12-15. What is the probability a marble drawn is white and odd numbered?

<p>1/6 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the letters in the word HULULULU are rearranged, what is the probability that all three L's are together?

<p>3/28 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A man speaks truth 2 out of 3 times. He picks a number from {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} and reports it's even. What's the probability it is actually even?

<p>1/5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A room contains 3 sockets. 3 bulbs are selected from 10, of which 6 are defective. What's the probability the room is lighted?

<p>5/6 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A bag contains 6 white and 4 black balls. Two balls are drawn. What's the probability they're the same color?

<p>7/15 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the probability that three cards drawn from a pack of 52 cards are all red?

<p>1/17 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given P(A) = 1/4, P(B) = 2/5 and P(A ∩ B) = 1/20, what is the value of P(A' ∩ B')?

<p>17/20 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Five persons are chosen randomly from one group containing 4 men, 2 women, and 4 children. What is the chance that exactly two of them will be children?

<p>10/21 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If A and B are two events defined on a sample space S such that P(A ∩ B) = 1/4, P(A ∪ B) = 5/8, and P(B') = 2/3, then what is P(A)?

<p>13/24 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Two cards are drawn from a deck without replacement. What is the probability that both cards are queens?

<p>1/221 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If A and B are independent events where P(A) = 2/3 and P(B) = 3/5, what is P(A' ∩ B')?

<p>1/15 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If P(A) = 0.7 and P(B) = 0.4, what is the maximum possible value of P(A ∪ B)?

<p>0.7 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the probability of an impossible event?

<p>0 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the probability of a certain event?

<p>1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which value can probabilities NOT have?

<p>1.5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the intersection of two events, A and B, represent?

<p>Both A and B occur (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the union of two events, A and B, represent?

<p>Either A or B occurs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the complement of an event A?

<p>All outcomes not in A (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If two events are mutually exclusive, what is the probability of their intersection?

<p>0 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In probability, what does 'independent events' mean?

<p>Events where the occurrence of one does not affect the other (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the probability of the complement of event A, denoted as P(A')?

<p>$P(A') = 1 - P(A)$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A bag contains 3 red balls and 2 blue balls. What is the probability of drawing a red ball?

<p>3/5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A coin is flipped. What is the probability of getting heads?

<p>1/2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A standard die is rolled. What is the probability of rolling a 4?

<p>1/6 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If P(A) = 0.6, what is P(A')?

<p>0.4 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental range of probability values?

<p>0 to 1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If two events, A and B, are independent, then P(A ∩ B) is equal to what?

<p>P(A) * P(B) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sum of probabilities of all possible outcomes in a sample space?

<p>1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A card is drawn from a standard deck of 52 cards. What is the probability that the card is a heart?

<p>1/4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate P(A ∪ B) for any two events A and B?

<p>$P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B)$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If A and B are mutually exclusive, then P(A ∪ B) is equal to:

<p>P(A) + P(B) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Probability of at least one correct answer

Probability of at least one solving correctly: P(A∪B∪C)

Find P(A'∩B')

0.39. Use formula: P(A∪B) = P(A)+P(B) - P(A∩B)

Probability of A∩B (die)

The probability is 2/5. The numbers greater than 3 are 4, 5, 6, and those less than 5 are 1, 2, 3, 4. The intersection is {4}.

Mutually exclusive and P(A∪B)

Since A and B are mutually exclusive, P(A ∩ B) = 0. The value of x = 0.3

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Find P(A∩B')

This will be equivalent to P(A) - P(A ∩ B)= P(A∩B')

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Find x, given probability of red balls

The value of x is 3.

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Probability of drawing a white ball

The probability is 7/15. Total white balls = 2 + 4 = 6; Total possible outcomes = 5 + 6 = 11

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Probability of white and odd marble

The probability that a marble drawn is white and odd is 1/6

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Letters arranged together probability

The probability that all three 'L's are together is 5/28

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Probability of truth reporting even number

The probability it is actually even is 2/5

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Probability of lighted room

The probability that the room is lighted is 5/6

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Two balls, same colors

The probability is 7/15

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Probability all red cards

The probability that three cards drawn from a pack of 52 cards, are all red is 17

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Solve P(A' ∩ B')

4/15

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Probability of children selection

The chance that exactly two of them will be children is 1/21

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Compute P(A)

P(A) = 13/24

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Probability sum is prime

If both dice have six faces numbered 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, the probability that the sum of the numbers on upper most face is prime is 2/9

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Probability of no doublet or 10

The probability that neither a doublet nor a total of 10 will appear when two unbiased dice are thrown.

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Probability of divisibility by 2 & 3

If three distinct numbers are chosen randomly from first 100 natural numbers, then the probability that all three of them are divisible by both 2 and 3 is 4/1155

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Probability of event E

The probability that at least one of the events E₁ and E₂ occurs is 0.6. If the simultaneous occurrence of E₁ and E₂ is 0.2, P(E₁) + P(E₂) = 0.8

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Family gender probability

A family with three children is chosen at random. The probability that the oldest and youngest children are of the same gender is 1/2

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Letters and Envelopes Probability

Five letters are placed at random in five addressed envelopes. The probability that all the letters are not dispatched in the respective right envelopes is 119/120

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Persons with gray-hair probability

Suppose that 5% of men and 0.25% of women have gray hair. A gray hair person is selected at random. If there are equal numbers of males and females, then the probability that the person selected being men is 20/21

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One red, one green probability

The probability of selecting one red ball and one green ball is 15/28, when a bag contains 5 red balls and 3 green balls. A ball is selected at random and not replaced. A second ball is then selected.

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Conditions for Independence

For two events A and B, if P(A ∪ B) = 5/6, P(A) = 1/3, and P(B) = 2/3, then A and B are independent.

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Study Notes

  • Probability of solving a sum correctly by A, B, and C are 1/2, 1/3, and 1/5 respectively

  • The probability that at least one of them solves it correctly is 19/20

  • If P(A) = 4/5, P(B) = 2/5, and P(A ∩ B) = 1/2, then P(A' ∩ B') = 1/10

  • If 3 coins are tossed, the probability of getting 2 heads is 3/8

  • If P(A) = 0.7, P(B) = 0.4, P(A ∩ B) = 0.3, then P(A ∩ B') = 2/5

  • If there are 5 red balls and x black balls, and the probability that two balls drawn at random are red is 5/14, then x = 3

  • If P(A) = 0.25, P(B) = 0.50, P(A ∩ B) = 0.14, then P(A' ∩ B) = 0.39

  • If a die is thrown, A is the event that the number obtained is greater than 3, B is the event that the number obtained is less than 5, then P(A ∩ B) is 2/5

  • If P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = x, P(A ∪ B) = 0.7 and A and B are mutually exclusive, then x = 3/10

  • A bag X contains 2 white and 3 black balls, another bag Y contains 4 white and 2 black balls. If a bag is selected at random and a ball is drawn from it, then the probability for the chosen ball to be white is 7/15

  • A box contains 6 red marbles numbered 1 through 6 and 4 white marbles 12 through 15. The probability that a marble drawn at random is white and odd numbered is 1/6

  • Letters in HULULULU are rearranged, probability of all three L together is 3/28

  • A man speaks truth 2 out of 3 times, picks a number in S={1,2,3,4,5,6,7}, reports it is even, the probability it is actually even is 1/5

  • A room has 3 sockets for bulbs, 10 bulbs (6 defective), 3 bulbs at random, the probability the room is lit is 5/6

  • A bag contains 6 white and 4 black balls. Two balls drawn at random. Probability they are of the same colour is 7/15

  • The probability that three cards drawn from a pack of 52 cards, are all red is 1/17

  • If P(A) = 1/4, P(B) = 2/5 and P(A ∩ B) = 1/3, then P(A' ∩ B') = 13/20

  • Five persons chosen at random from 4 men, 2 women, 4 children, the chance that exactly two will be children is 1/21

  • If A and B are two events defined on a sample space S such that P(A ∩ B) = 1/4, P(A ∪ B) = 5/8, P(B') = 2/3, then P(A) = 13/24

  • Two cards are drawn from a pack of well shuffled 52 cards without replacement, probability both cards are queens is 1/221

  • If A and B independent events and P(A)=2/3, P(B)=3/5, then P(A' ∩ B') = 4/15

  • If A and B are independent events such that odds in favour of A is 2:3 and odds against B is 4:5, then P(A ∩ B) = 2/9

  • An urn contains 4 red and 5 white balls. Two balls are drawn one after the other without replacement, the probability that both the balls are red is 1/6

  • If P(A')=0.6, P(B)=0.8, and P(B/A)=0.3, then P(A/B) = 3/20

  • Two dice are thrown together. The probability that the sum of the numbers is divisible by 2 or 3 is 2/3

  • If A and B independent events and P(A)=2/5, P(B)=3/5, then P(A' ∩ B) = 4/15

  • In a single throw of three dice, the probability of getting a sum at least 5 is 51/54

  • Letters of word 'LOGARITHM' are randomly arranged, probability the arrangements starts with vowel and ends with consonant is 1/9

  • Odds in favor of drawing a king from a pack of 52 playing cards is 1:12

  • Suppose 5% men and 0.25% of women have gray hair. A gray hair person is selected at random. If there are equal number of males and females, the probability the person selected is men is 20/21

  • Two dice are rolled simultaneously, the probability that the sum of the two numbers on the dice is a prime number, is 5/12

  • Two unbiased dice are thrown. Then the probability that neither a doublet nor a total of 10 will appear is 7/9

  • A coin is tossed and a die is thrown. The probability that the outcome will be head or a number greater than 4 or both, is 2/3

  • Two event A and B, P(A ∪ B)=5/6, P(A)=1/3, P(B)=2/3, A and B are independent

  • First bag contains 3 red and 5 black balls, Second bag contains 6 red and 4 black balls. A ball is drawn from each bag. Probability that one ball is red and the other is black 41/80

  • Rooms in a hotel are numbered from 1 to 19. Rooms are allocated at random as guests arrive. First guest is given a room which is prime number. Probability that the second guest to arrive is given a room which is a prime number is 7/18

  • If P(A)=3/10, P(B)=2/5, P(A ∩ B)=1/5, then P(A/B) x P(B/A)=1/12

  • Probability at least one of events E₁ and E₂ occurs is 0.6. If simultaneous occurrence E₁ + E₂ 0.2, P(E₁) + P(E₂) = 0.4

  • A family of three children are chosen at random. Probability that the oldest and youngest children are the same gender is 1/2

  • Five letters are placed at random in five addressed envelopes. Probability that all letters are not dispatched in the respective right envelopes is 119/120

  • Shelf contains 5 Physics and 3 Biology books and other has 4 Physics and 2 Biology books. Then the probability of drawing a Physics book is 9/14

  • Three distinct numbers are chosen from first 100 natural numbers, probability all three of them are divisible by both 2 and 3 is 4/1155

  • A bag contains 5 red balls and 3 green balls. A ball is selected at random and not replaced. A second ball then selected. Probability of selecting one red ball and one green ball is 15/28

  • A, B, C are three events, one of which and only one can happen. The odds in favor of A are 4:6, odds against B are 7:3, then odds against C are 7:3

  • Three critics review a book. For the three critics, odds in favor of the books are (5:2), (4:3), and (3:4). The probability that the majority is in favor of the book is 209/343

  • Two dice are rolled. If both dice have six faces numbered 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, the probability that the sum of the numbers on the uppermost face is prime is 3/7

  • Three critics review a book. For the three critics the odds in favor of the book are 2:5, 3:4 , and 4:3 respectively. The probability that the majority is in favor of the book is given by 209/343

  • Three houses are available in a locality. Three persons apply for the houses. Each applies for one house without consulting others. The probability that all the three persons apply for the same house is 1/9

  • Let A and B be two events such that the probability that exactly one of them occurs is 2/5 and the probability that A or B occurs is 1/2, then the probability of both of them occur together is 0.1

  • In a class of 300 students, every student reads 5 newspapers and every newspaper is read by 60 students. Then the number of newspapers is at least 30

  • Four persons can hit a target correctly with probabilities 1/2, 1/3, 1/4 and 1/5 respectively. If all hit the target independently, then the probability that the target would be hit is 3/5

  • There are three events A, B, C, one of which must and only one can happen. The odds are 8:3 against A, 5:2 against B and the odds against C is 43:17k, then the value of k is 1

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