Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following CVAD complications does NOT result from failure to follow policy and procedure?
Which of the following CVAD complications does NOT result from failure to follow policy and procedure?
- Overwhelming sepsis
- DVT (correct)
- Catheter Occlusion
- Thrombosis
Which of the following would not be a symptom of a patient with a central line experiencing an air embolism?
Which of the following would not be a symptom of a patient with a central line experiencing an air embolism?
- Lower shoulder or back pain
- Low heart rate (correct)
- Sudden onset of shortness of breath
- Cyanosis
Which of the following patient would be a candidate for insertion of central line?
Which of the following patient would be a candidate for insertion of central line?
- A patient with an existing thrombus in the innominate or subclavian vein
- A patient with immunocompromised related to chemotherapy (correct)
- A patient with abnormal coagulation studies
- A patient with septicaemia
You are beginning your day shift, and learn that one of your patients has a central venous access device ( CVAD) infusing his maintenance solution. Which of the following is a priority assessment related to the CVAD?
You are beginning your day shift, and learn that one of your patients has a central venous access device ( CVAD) infusing his maintenance solution. Which of the following is a priority assessment related to the CVAD?
Which anatomical location would the nurse identify as appropriate tip placement for a central venous catheter?
Which anatomical location would the nurse identify as appropriate tip placement for a central venous catheter?
Your patient is having a central venous access device (CVAD) inserted today. Which of the following would be an indication for this procedure?
Your patient is having a central venous access device (CVAD) inserted today. Which of the following would be an indication for this procedure?
There are multiple complications associated with Central Venous Access Devices (CVAD). Which of the following is most often related to nursing care of the line?
There are multiple complications associated with Central Venous Access Devices (CVAD). Which of the following is most often related to nursing care of the line?
The nurse is caring for a patient with sepsis. The plan of care for the patient is to administer antibiotics 3 times daily for 4 weeks. What device is most appropriate for administering these antibiotics?
The nurse is caring for a patient with sepsis. The plan of care for the patient is to administer antibiotics 3 times daily for 4 weeks. What device is most appropriate for administering these antibiotics?
A client has recently provided consent to receive TPN (total parenteral nutrition). Which of the following is important education for the nurse to provide?
A client has recently provided consent to receive TPN (total parenteral nutrition). Which of the following is important education for the nurse to provide?
A nurse is caring for a cancer patient who presents with anorexia, blood pressure of 100/60, elevated white blood count, and oral candidiasis. The nurse knows that the purpose of starting total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is to:
A nurse is caring for a cancer patient who presents with anorexia, blood pressure of 100/60, elevated white blood count, and oral candidiasis. The nurse knows that the purpose of starting total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is to:
Why does intravenous (IV) medication administration provide a rapid onset of action compared to oral medications?
Why does intravenous (IV) medication administration provide a rapid onset of action compared to oral medications?
Administering IV medications above the drip chamber ensures the medication is delivered directly into the patient's vein without mixing with the IV fluid.
Administering IV medications above the drip chamber ensures the medication is delivered directly into the patient's vein without mixing with the IV fluid.
A macro-drip IV tubing typically delivers a ______ volume of fluid per drop compared to a micro-drip.
A macro-drip IV tubing typically delivers a ______ volume of fluid per drop compared to a micro-drip.
Match the type of IV line with its primary function:
Match the type of IV line with its primary function:
A secondary IV line is typically used for continuous infusion of fluids over an extended period.
A secondary IV line is typically used for continuous infusion of fluids over an extended period.
What is the primary reason for hanging a secondary IV line higher than the primary line?
What is the primary reason for hanging a secondary IV line higher than the primary line?
When administering medications through a secondary line, it is unnecessary to monitor the patient for adverse reactions as the medication is diluted.
When administering medications through a secondary line, it is unnecessary to monitor the patient for adverse reactions as the medication is diluted.
If you need to infuse 1000 mL of saline over 8 hours using an infusion pump, what is the flow rate in mL/hr?
If you need to infuse 1000 mL of saline over 8 hours using an infusion pump, what is the flow rate in mL/hr?
The nurse only needs to educate the patient on potential side effects of the primary medication, as secondary medications rarely cause complications.
The nurse only needs to educate the patient on potential side effects of the primary medication, as secondary medications rarely cause complications.
Why is it important to monitor the drip rate when administering IV medications?
Why is it important to monitor the drip rate when administering IV medications?
What is the primary function of the drip chamber in an IV setup?
What is the primary function of the drip chamber in an IV setup?
In which clinical scenario would a macro-drip IV tubing be most appropriate?
In which clinical scenario would a macro-drip IV tubing be most appropriate?
For which of the following patients would a micro-drip IV set be most suitable?
For which of the following patients would a micro-drip IV set be most suitable?
What is the primary reason for using a secondary IV line?
What is the primary reason for using a secondary IV line?
Why is it generally recommended to hang a secondary IV bag higher than the primary IV bag?
Why is it generally recommended to hang a secondary IV bag higher than the primary IV bag?
A patient is receiving continuous IV fluids through a primary line. What nursing intervention is crucial for this patient?
A patient is receiving continuous IV fluids through a primary line. What nursing intervention is crucial for this patient?
After administering medication through a secondary IV line, what action must the nurse take?
After administering medication through a secondary IV line, what action must the nurse take?
When administering medications via a secondary IV line, what is the nurse's priority assessment during the infusion?
When administering medications via a secondary IV line, what is the nurse's priority assessment during the infusion?
Which of the following is a critical nursing responsibility when administering medications through both primary and secondary IV lines?
Which of the following is a critical nursing responsibility when administering medications through both primary and secondary IV lines?
What is the typical drop factor (gtt/mL) for a micro-drip IV set?
What is the typical drop factor (gtt/mL) for a micro-drip IV set?
A patient with a primary IV line of normal saline at 75 mL/hr is also prescribed an intermittent antibiotic via a secondary IV line. What is the nursing priority regarding the primary line?
A patient with a primary IV line of normal saline at 75 mL/hr is also prescribed an intermittent antibiotic via a secondary IV line. What is the nursing priority regarding the primary line?
A nurse is preparing to administer IV medication above the drip chamber. Which of the following describes why this method is used?
A nurse is preparing to administer IV medication above the drip chamber. Which of the following describes why this method is used?
When administering an antibiotic through a secondary IV line, the nurse notices the primary IV solution is infusing concurrently. What is the nurse's next action?
When administering an antibiotic through a secondary IV line, the nurse notices the primary IV solution is infusing concurrently. What is the nurse's next action?
Flashcards
IV Medication Administration
IV Medication Administration
Delivering fluids/medications directly into the bloodstream via a vein for rapid absorption.
Drip Chamber
Drip Chamber
Transparent part of IV set up that allows observing the flow rate.
Macro-Drip
Macro-Drip
IV tubing with larger openings, delivers higher fluid volume per drop (10-20 gtt/mL).
Micro-Drip
Micro-Drip
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Primary IV Line
Primary IV Line
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Secondary IV Line
Secondary IV Line
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gtts/min Calculation
gtts/min Calculation
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mL/hr Calculation
mL/hr Calculation
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Primary Line Implications
Primary Line Implications
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Secondary Line Implications
Secondary Line Implications
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Drop Factor (gtt/mL)
Drop Factor (gtt/mL)
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Medications Above Drip Chamber
Medications Above Drip Chamber
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Administering IV Meds Above Drip Chamber
Administering IV Meds Above Drip Chamber
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Macro-Drip Usage
Macro-Drip Usage
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Micro-Drip Usage
Micro-Drip Usage
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Primary IV Line Purpose
Primary IV Line Purpose
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Secondary IV Line Purpose
Secondary IV Line Purpose
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Primary Line Fluid Infusion
Primary Line Fluid Infusion
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Secondary Line Medication Infusion
Secondary Line Medication Infusion
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Nurse Responsibilities - IV lines
Nurse Responsibilities - IV lines
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Primary Line Drug Infusion
Primary Line Drug Infusion
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Capital of France (example flashcard)
Capital of France (example flashcard)
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Study Notes
- Intravenous (IV) medication administration delivers fluids, medications, or nutrition directly into the bloodstream via a vein
- IV administration allows for rapid onset of action by bypassing the digestive system
- It is commonly used when rapid absorption is needed or when a patient cannot take oral medications
- Medications are often added above the drip chamber to ensure they are delivered directly into the patient's bloodstream through the primary or secondary IV line
- The drip chamber is a transparent part of the IV setup that allows healthcare providers to observe the flow rate of the IV fluid
- The drip chamber is located just below the medication bag and above the patient’s IV insertion site
- Administering medications above the drip chamber allows the medication to mix with the fluid before it enters the patient’s vein
- This method is typically used for continuous infusions where a medication is added to the bag for slow and consistent infusion
- It is essential to monitor the drip rate and assess for any complications, such as infiltration or phlebitis, when administering IV medications
Macro-Drip vs. Micro-Drip
- Macro-drip (large bore) IV tubing has larger openings and is typically used for faster infusions, delivering a higher volume of fluid per drop (usually 10, 15, or 20 gtt/mL)
- Macro-drip sets are typically used for patients who require rapid fluid resuscitation or a large volume of fluids
- Micro-drip (small bore) IV tubing has smaller openings and delivers fewer drops per milliliter (typically 60 gtt/mL)
- Micro-drip sets are used when precise control over the flow rate is necessary, such as for pediatric patients, or when a slower infusion rate is needed
Primary vs. Secondary IV Lines
- The primary IV line is the main line used for continuous fluid or medication infusion, such as saline, dextrose, or other medications
- The primary IV line is connected to the patient's central or peripheral access site
- The secondary IV line (piggyback) is used for intermittent infusions of medication or fluids given at scheduled intervals
- The secondary line is attached to the primary line at a Y-site
- The medication in the secondary line is infused when needed
- Once the secondary infusion is completed, the primary line resumes its flow
- The primary IV line is used for continuous infusion of fluids or medications over time
- The secondary IV line is used to administer a specific medication intermittently, typically by gravity or pump
- The secondary line is generally hung higher than the primary line to allow for infusion by gravity
Client Implications
- The primary line provides a steady infusion of fluids or drugs if a patient requires continuous hydration or ongoing medication infusion
- Nursing staff should regularly check the primary IV site for signs of complications, such as infiltration, phlebitis, or infection, and ensure the line is patent (open)
- Secondary lines are used for medications that need to be delivered intermittently
- The nurse must monitor the patient during the secondary infusion for any adverse reactions to the medication
- After administering the secondary medication, the nurse must ensure the primary line is resumed at the appropriate rate
- The nurse should always ensure the correct medication is infused at the correct time and rate for both lines
- The nurse should educate the patient on potential side effects or complications associated with the medication for both lines
Gravity Drip (gtts/min)
- To calculate the flow rate in gtts/min (drops per minute) when using gravity, the formula is: Flow Rate (gtts/min) = (Total Volume (mL) / Time (minutes)) x Drop Factor (gtt/mL)
- Total Volume is the total volume of fluid or medication to be infused
- Time is the time over which the fluid should be infused, usually in minutes
- Drop Factor is the number of drops per milliliter, which is typically printed on the IV bag or tubing packaging (e.g., 10, 15, 20, or 60 gtt/mL)
- Example calculation: Infuse 500 mL over 4 hours using a macro-drip set with a drop factor of 15 gtt/mL: Flow Rate (gtts/min) = (500 mL / 240 minutes) x 15 gtt/mL = 31.25 gtts/min
mL/hr (Infusion Pump)
- To calculate the flow rate in mL/hr for a pump, the formula is: Flow Rate (mL/hr) = Total Volume (mL) / Time (hours)
- Example Calculation: Infuse 500 mL over 4 hours using a pump: Flow Rate (mL/hr) = 500 mL / 4 hours = 125 mL/hr
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