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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are types of conditioning within the learning perspective?

  • Classical conditioning (correct)
  • Instrumental conditioning (correct)
  • Observational learning
  • Cognitive learning

Which of the following best defines behaviorism and describes conditioning theories?

  • Behaviorism involves the study of cognitive functions, while conditioning theories explain the importance of intrinsic motivation.
  • Behaviorism is a psychological approach that emphasizes the study of observable behavior and the influence of the environment, with conditioning theories focusing on how behavior is learned through reinforcement and punishment. (correct)
  • Behaviorism is focused on the internal mental processes and ignores external stimuli, while conditioning theories involve understanding how thoughts influence behavior.
  • Behaviorism is the classification of emotions, with conditioning theories being primarily concerned with social learning.

Which of the following statements correctly describe classical conditioning and the law of effect in operant conditioning?

  • Classical conditioning involves associating an involuntary response with a stimulus.
  • The law of effect states that behaviors followed by positive outcomes are likely to be repeated.
  • Operant conditioning involves reinforcement or punishment after a voluntary behavior.
  • All of the above (correct)

Which of the following are key Social Cognitive theories? (Select all that apply)

<p>Self-efficacy (C), Observational Learning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the key theories proposed by Dollard and Miller, Rotter, and Bandura?

<p>Dollard and Miller emphasized drive theory, Rotter discussed the role of reinforcement in behavior, and Bandura outlined the process of modeling. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify some of the applications and therapies associated with learning theories. (Select all that apply)

<p>Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (A), Operant Conditioning Techniques (B), Constructivist Learning Environments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of conditioning involves pairing a neutral stimulus with another stimulus to produce an emotional response?

<p>Classical conditioning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a response that is elicited by a conditioned stimulus after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus in classical conditioning?

<p>Conditioned Response (CR) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does emotional conditioning play in classical conditioning according to the provided context?

<p>It helps in understanding people's unique preferences and aversions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about classical conditioning is true?

<p>The CR can generalize to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus (CS). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about instrumental conditioning is true?

<p>Positive reinforcement strengthens the tendency to perform a behavior. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes cognitive learning theories?

<p>They highlight the importance of social learning and vicarious experiences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding social-cognitive learning models?

<p>Perceptions of personal efficacy can affect persistence in stressful situations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of acquiring behavior potentials through observational learning characterized by?

<p>Attention to a model (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From a conditioning point of view, what does assessment emphasize?

<p>Observation of various aspects of behavior in specific situations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of systematic desensitization in behavior therapy?

<p>To countercondition fear reactions with relaxation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two contexts in which therapy based on the social-cognitive learning approach often involves modeling?

<p>Remedying skill deficits and demonstrating coping skills (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From the perspective of instrumental learning principles, what influences might Gary's father's role as his 'severest critic' have had on Gary's behavior?

<p>Fear of failure and self-criticism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Classical conditioning requires:

<p>the organism must already respond to some class of stimuli reflexively. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a CS–CR pairing acts like another reflex, it can serve as a reflex for another instance of conditioning. This is called:

<p>higher-order conditioning. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term 'instrumental conditioning' is often used interchangeably with the term:

<p>operant conditioning. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thorndike’s law of effect states that:

<p>behaviours followed by negative outcomes are less likely to be repeated. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vicarious emotional arousal:

<p>occurs when you feel the same emotion as another person. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is most important to assessment from the social–cognitive learning perspective?

<p>Behavioural observation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is modelling effective at producing behaviour change, according to Bandura?

<p>The person in therapy increases his/her sense of efficacy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Capital of France (example flashcard)

Paris

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