5 Disciplines of Anthropology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which term describes the tendency to believe one's own culture is superior to others?

Cultural diversity

Cultural universal

Cultural ethnocentrism (correct)

Cultural relativism

Which characteristic emphasizes that culture is not static and evolves over time?

Culture is learned

Culture is adaptive and maladaptive (correct)

Culture is transmitted

Culture is shared

What is culture shock commonly associated with?

Awareness of cultural diversity

Developing a strong preference for one's own culture

Feeling secure and familiar in a new environment

Feeling disoriented in an unfamiliar culture (correct)

Which of the following best describes high culture?

Culture linked to wealth and social elites Signup and view all the answers

Which concept refers to certain practices and beliefs that are common across all cultures?

Cultural universal Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Anthropology?

Study of human kind and cultural evolution Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a sub-discipline of Sociology?

Physical Sociology Signup and view all the answers

What do the terms 'anthropos' and 'logos' mean in the context of Anthropology?

Humans and words Signup and view all the answers

Which pioneer of Sociology emphasized understanding society as it is, rather than how it ought to be?

Auguste Comte Signup and view all the answers

Which sub-discipline of Anthropology is concerned with human biological development?

Physical Anthropology Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does Social Organization in Sociology primarily focus on?

Institutions and social groups Signup and view all the answers

In Sociology, what does Social Change and Disorganization refer to?

Shifts and interruptions in social interactions Signup and view all the answers

Which sub-discipline of Anthropology uses theories to address contemporary problems?

Applied Anthropology Signup and view all the answers

What term describes norms deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society?

Mores Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of folkways?

They govern everyday behavior and are informal. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'cultural lag' refer to?

A phase where nonmaterial culture struggles to adapt to new material conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What are sanctions in the context of social norms?

Rewards and penalties for conduct. Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the dependency of roles among people in society?

Organic solidarity Signup and view all the answers

What concept introduced by Max Weber emphasizes the importance of understanding behavior?

Verstehen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes virtual culture?

Images and ideas that predominantly reach children through screens. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a subculture?

Cultures that follow their own norms while still adhering to the dominant culture. Signup and view all the answers

According to David Easton, what is politics primarily concerned with?

The allocation of scarce values Signup and view all the answers

Which theory is associated with Charles Darwin and describes the process by which species adapt over time?

Theory of Natural Selection Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of a person does 'status' refer to?

The position a person occupies in a particular setting. Signup and view all the answers

What type of norms are typically recognized as positive sanctions?

Pay raises, awards, and verbal appreciation. Signup and view all the answers

Who believed that regardless of the positions people hold, they will remain greedy?

Thomas Hobbes Signup and view all the answers

What encompasses the totality of learned, socially transmitted customs and behaviors among groups?

Culture Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of 'mechanical solidarity' refer to in social terms?

A social moral consensus that binds a society Signup and view all the answers

What type of evolution theory suggests species change is affected by environmental conditions?

Lamarckism Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main contributions of Harriet Martineau to sociology?

Comparing European and American societies to advocate for social reform Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the sociological imagination as defined by Charles Wright Mills?

The relationship between personal experiences and broader societal forces Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Karl Marx's perspective on societal change?

Class conflict is the driving force behind historical change Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects Herbert Spencer's view on society?

Individual ambition and intelligence dictate one's rise in society Signup and view all the answers

What is one interpretation of Emile Durkheim's contributions to sociology?

He believed in understanding the functions that maintain social order Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary sub-disciplines of political science listed in the content?

Comparative Politics, Political Theory, Public Administration, Sociology Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the criticisms faced by Herbert Spencer's theories?

His theories lack empirical evidence and relevance Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'demography' refer to in the context of sociology?

The interrelationship between population and societal systems Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anthropology

Integrates concepts from Anthropology, Sociology, and Political Science to transform perspectives.
Studies human evolution, culture, and diversity within communities.
Comprised of five disciplines:
- Archaeology: Investigates past populations and their environmental adaptations.
- Cultural Anthropology: Examines cultural beliefs, practices, and material possessions of societies.
- Linguistic Anthropology: Explores the relationship between language and culture.
- Physical Anthropology: Focuses on biological development and variations in contemporary humans.
- Applied Anthropology: Applies theoretical knowledge to address modern issues.

Sub-disciplines of Sociology

Social Organization: Analyzes institutions, social groups, and stratification.
Social Psychology: Studies how group life affects individual nature and personality.
Demography: Investigates the relationship between populations and their socio-economic systems.
Social Change and Disorganization: Evaluates societal interactions and disruptions.

Pioneers of Sociology

Auguste Comte: Established foundations of sociology and advocated for positivism, understanding society through scientific observation.
Harriet Martineau: Known as the "Mother of Sociology" for her comparative analyses of European and American societies.
Herbert Spencer: Developed Social Darwinism, positing "survival of the fittest" in social structures.
Karl Marx: Emphasized class conflict as a driver of historical change and examined the means of production.
Emile Durkheim: Father of Sociology, studied social bonds and the impacts of social forces on individual lives.
Max Weber: Introduced the concept of Verstehen, focusing on understanding social behavior through empathy.

Political Science Sub-disciplines

Political Theory: Explores foundational concepts and ideologies in politics.
Comparative Politics: Analyzes different political systems and their functions.
International Relations: Studies global interactions and political entities across nations.
Political Behavior: Investigates how individual and group behavior influences politics.
Public Policy: Examines the processes of policy formation and implementation.
Public Administration: Looks at the management and implementation of governmental policies.

Key Terms

Culture: Encompasses learned behaviors, customs, knowledge, and artifacts shared among groups.
Mores: Norms essential for the welfare of society; often have formal consequences.
Folkways: Informal norms shaping everyday behavior without severe penalties.
Cultural Lag: A period where non-material culture struggles to adjust to new material innovations.
Subculture: Groups existing within a dominant culture that maintain distinct norms.
Counterculture: Groups that deliberately oppose the dominant culture.
Culture Shock: The feeling of disorientation when encountering an unfamiliar culture.

Cultural Concepts

Cultural Ethnocentrism: Belief in the superiority of one’s own culture.
Cultural Relativism: Understanding beliefs and practices from the perspective of the culture being studied.
Cultural Diversity: Acknowledgment of the variety of cultural expressions across societies.
Cultural Universal: Common practices and beliefs shared across all human societies.

Characteristics of Culture

Culture is learned and transmitted through generations, adapting over time.
Is diverse and can be both adaptive and maladaptive.
Involves shared values and norms shaped by historical and socio-political contexts.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the five key disciplines of anthropology, including archaeology and the study of ancient populations. This quiz explores how these disciplines provide insight into human associations, conflicts, and adaptations to environments. Enhance your understanding of the interconnectedness of anthropology, sociology, and political science.