Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the three essential elements for crime to occur according to Routine Activities Theory?
What are the three essential elements for crime to occur according to Routine Activities Theory?
- A motivated offender, lack of interest, and available target
- A guardian presence, an interested target, and opportunity
- An available target, a motivated offender, and lack of guardian(s) (correct)
- Presence of witnesses, a motivated offender, and opportunity
What was the top offense in Florida according to the provided statistics?
What was the top offense in Florida according to the provided statistics?
- Illegal Taking/Methods
- Improper Permitting (correct)
- Marine Life Conservation Offense
- Illegal Possession-Fish
Which demographic represented the majority of offenders in Florida?
Which demographic represented the majority of offenders in Florida?
- Minority groups, female, and aged 40+
- White, male, and in their mid-30s (correct)
- Female, aged 20-29
- White, male, and under 25
Which element is NOT part of the Routine Activities Theory framework?
Which element is NOT part of the Routine Activities Theory framework?
Which region is associated with improper permitting and illegal hunting methods?
Which region is associated with improper permitting and illegal hunting methods?
What does Routine Activity Theory suggest contributes to the rate of criminal victimization?
What does Routine Activity Theory suggest contributes to the rate of criminal victimization?
Which theoretical concept asserts that crime is effectively decreased by certain, severe, and swift punishments?
Which theoretical concept asserts that crime is effectively decreased by certain, severe, and swift punishments?
In which region are illegal fishing methods and marine conservation offenses predominantly cited?
In which region are illegal fishing methods and marine conservation offenses predominantly cited?
Which of the following best describes modern biological and biosocial theories?
Which of the following best describes modern biological and biosocial theories?
What is the key concept of Lombroso's early biological theories about criminals?
What is the key concept of Lombroso's early biological theories about criminals?
Hot Spots Policing is a practice related to which theoretical framework?
Hot Spots Policing is a practice related to which theoretical framework?
What does research on Rational Choice Theory propose regarding criminals' decision-making processes?
What does research on Rational Choice Theory propose regarding criminals' decision-making processes?
Which element of the Thoughtfully Reflective Decision-Making (TRDM) process did Ross fulfill when he chose Rachel?
Which element of the Thoughtfully Reflective Decision-Making (TRDM) process did Ross fulfill when he chose Rachel?
What is a significant factor identified by McCarthy that can impede rational decision-making?
What is a significant factor identified by McCarthy that can impede rational decision-making?
Why might offenders struggle with making rational assessments of the risks associated with their criminal activities?
Why might offenders struggle with making rational assessments of the risks associated with their criminal activities?
What tendency do regular offenders typically exhibit in their decision-making process?
What tendency do regular offenders typically exhibit in their decision-making process?
Which of the following describes the rational decision-making process according to the Rational Choice Theory?
Which of the following describes the rational decision-making process according to the Rational Choice Theory?
What can limit an individual's cognitive engagement in decision-making as suggested by McCarthy?
What can limit an individual's cognitive engagement in decision-making as suggested by McCarthy?
What aspect of Ross's decision-making does the TRDM model critique?
What aspect of Ross's decision-making does the TRDM model critique?
What has the emphasis in biological theory shifted towards?
What has the emphasis in biological theory shifted towards?
How do genetically inherited autonomic nervous systems (ANS) that are slow to arouse affect behavior?
How do genetically inherited autonomic nervous systems (ANS) that are slow to arouse affect behavior?
What is the primary focus of behavioral and molecular genetics?
What is the primary focus of behavioral and molecular genetics?
In twin studies, what does 'concordance' refer to?
In twin studies, what does 'concordance' refer to?
Which twin studies result is commonly found for adult offenders?
Which twin studies result is commonly found for adult offenders?
What are some prevention and treatment strategies derived from modern biosocial theories?
What are some prevention and treatment strategies derived from modern biosocial theories?
What significant finding is associated with low resting heart rate?
What significant finding is associated with low resting heart rate?
What aspect of environments does behavioral genetics study?
What aspect of environments does behavioral genetics study?
What does the diathesis-stress model primarily focus on in relation to genetic influence?
What does the diathesis-stress model primarily focus on in relation to genetic influence?
In the context of the differential-susceptibility model, how are genes characterized?
In the context of the differential-susceptibility model, how are genes characterized?
What principle does the diathesis-stress model relate to in rehabilitation efforts?
What principle does the diathesis-stress model relate to in rehabilitation efforts?
Which statement accurately reflects the purpose of the Strong African American Families (SAAF) program?
Which statement accurately reflects the purpose of the Strong African American Families (SAAF) program?
How do genetic polymorphisms relate to antisocial behavior according to the diathesis-stress model?
How do genetic polymorphisms relate to antisocial behavior according to the diathesis-stress model?
What is the overall goal of using genetically informed evidence-based prevention science in crime prevention?
What is the overall goal of using genetically informed evidence-based prevention science in crime prevention?
Which principle is associated with the differential-susceptibility model in the context of prevention interventions?
Which principle is associated with the differential-susceptibility model in the context of prevention interventions?
What behaviors were targeted for prevention in the SAAF program among the participants?
What behaviors were targeted for prevention in the SAAF program among the participants?
Which factor is NOT a part of the Routine Activities Theory framework?
Which factor is NOT a part of the Routine Activities Theory framework?
What percentage of offenders in North Central Florida were identified as male?
What percentage of offenders in North Central Florida were identified as male?
Which of the following offenses had the highest occurrence in Florida?
Which of the following offenses had the highest occurrence in Florida?
In the context of Routine Activities Theory, which combination of elements is needed for a crime to take place?
In the context of Routine Activities Theory, which combination of elements is needed for a crime to take place?
Which demographic represented the majority of offenders in the state of Florida?
Which demographic represented the majority of offenders in the state of Florida?
What was the percentage of improper permitting offenses in North Central Florida?
What was the percentage of improper permitting offenses in North Central Florida?
What is a primary characteristic of offenders involved in wildlife crime in Florida?
What is a primary characteristic of offenders involved in wildlife crime in Florida?
Which of these offenses is categorized as a camouflage-collar crime in Florida?
Which of these offenses is categorized as a camouflage-collar crime in Florida?
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Study Notes
Rational Choice Theory
- Purely rational decision-making in crime is uncommon; offenders often fail to adequately assess risks and penalties.
- Regular offenders typically lack thorough planning and information regarding legal repercussions.
- “Thoughtfully Reflective Decision Making” (TRDM) involves emotional influences over rational assessment in choices.
Routine Activities Theory
- Crime necessitates three elements: an available target, a motivated offender, and absence of guardianship.
- Proposed by Cohen and Felson, these elements are crucial for understanding crime opportunities.
Camouflage-Collar Crime in Florida
- Top offenses in Florida: Improper Permitting (49.5%), Marine Life Conservation Offense (16.5%), Illegal Possession-Fish (13.1%).
- Major offender demographics: predominantly white (81.2% in Florida) and male (95.2%), mostly in their mid-30s.
- Regional differences affect the likelihood of specific crimes reported by law enforcement.
Crime Prevention Strategies
- Routine Activity Theory informs police practices including Hot Spots Policing and Geographic Information Systems.
- Emphasizes the role of environmental factors in crime occurrence and the need for guardianship.
Summary of Theories
- Deterrence theory links the certainty, severity, and swiftness of punishment to crime reduction.
- Rational choice theory suggests offenders weigh pleasure against pain in decision-making.
- Routine activities theory highlights the increased risk of victimization due to the presence of motivated offenders and vulnerable targets without guardianship.
Biological and Biosocial Theories
- Traditional biological theories emphasize physiological or genetic aspects but often overlook social influences.
- Modern theories focus on the interplay of biological, social, and psychological variables affecting criminal behavior.
Lombroso's Contributions
- Concept of "born criminals" evolved to study neurobiology, genetics, and evolutionary psychology.
- Shifts from physical traits to neurological and biochemical aspects in understanding crime.
Genetic Research
- Genetic makeup can jointly influence environmental factors regarding behavior; genes facilitate rather than dictate actions.
- Twin studies show significant genetic influence in males, but limited effect in adolescent delinquency.
Gene-Environment Interaction Models
- Diathesis-stress model identifies genetic risks that interact negatively with environments leading to antisocial behaviors.
- Differential-susceptibility model illustrates that genetic predispositions can make individuals sensitive to both negative and positive environments.
Prevention Models
- Gene-environment interactions inform rehabilitation and preventive approaches, focusing on educational and social support initiatives.
- Programs like Strong African American Families (SAAF) aim to mitigate problem behaviors through family-centered interventions considering genetic factors.
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