Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the relationship between the amplitude of a sound wave and its loudness?
What is the relationship between the amplitude of a sound wave and its loudness?
How does the frequency of a sound wave affect its pitch?
How does the frequency of a sound wave affect its pitch?
Which medium would sound waves travel fastest in?
Which medium would sound waves travel fastest in?
What is the wavelength of a 20 kHz sound wave in air given the speed of sound is approximately 340 m/s?
What is the wavelength of a 20 kHz sound wave in air given the speed of sound is approximately 340 m/s?
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What can be said about sound waves in a vacuum?
What can be said about sound waves in a vacuum?
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What formula is used to calculate the speed of a sound wave in the experiment?
What formula is used to calculate the speed of a sound wave in the experiment?
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Which of the following is a method used to measure the time taken for sound to reflect in the experiment?
Which of the following is a method used to measure the time taken for sound to reflect in the experiment?
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Which of the following is NOT a use of ultrasound?
Which of the following is NOT a use of ultrasound?
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How does the wavelength of a sound wave relate to its pitch?
How does the wavelength of a sound wave relate to its pitch?
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Which statement about the properties of sound is true?
Which statement about the properties of sound is true?
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Study Notes
Sound Waves
- Sound waves are longitudinal waves, created by vibrating particles.
- Sound waves cannot travel in a vacuum (e.g., outer space).
- Sound waves cause compressions and rarefactions in the medium through which they travel.
- Compressions are regions of higher pressure, and rarefactions are regions of lower pressure.
- Medium particles oscillate back and forth as compressions and rarefactions pass through.
- When a compression passes, pressure rises; when a rarefaction passes, pressure falls.
- Sound wave properties include:
- Loudness: determined by amplitude, greater amplitude = louder sound.
- Pitch: determined by frequency, higher frequency = higher pitch.
- Timbre: the quality that distinguishes one sound from another, even if they have the same frequency.
- Speed of sound: determined by medium—solids > liquids > gases.
- Speed of sound (v) = frequency (f) × wavelength (λ)
- Examples of sound speeds in different mediums:
- Rubber: 60 m/s
- Air (0°C): 332 m/s
- Air (20°C): 343 m/s
- Air (40°C): 355 m/s
- Lead: 1210 m/s
- Gold: 3240 m/s
- Glass: 4540 m/s
- Copper: 4600 m/s
- Aluminium: 6320 m/s
- Human hearing range: 20 Hz to 20 kHz.
- Frequencies above 20 kHz are called ultrasonic, below 20 Hz are called infrasonic.
- Measuring speed of sound—a method involves timing the interval between seeing the smoke from a gun being fired and hearing the sound of the gun shot and using the formula v=2d/t where v=speed, d=distance to the target, t=time taken.
- Measuring speed of sound using equipment—signal generator, speaker, microphones and oscilloscope, set up with microphones spaced apart by one wavelength.
Uses of Ultrasound
- Ultrasonic cleaning: used to clean objects by using high-frequency sound waves to dislodge dirt and debris.
- Echo-sounding: used to measure the depth of bodies of water by sending sound waves into the water and measuring the time it takes for the waves to return after bouncing off the bottom.
- Metal testing: used to detect flaws or defects within materials by measuring the time it takes for sound waves to return after being reflected off the flaws.
- Scanning: used in medical imaging to visualize internal structures by using sound waves to create images.
True or False Statements
- Sound is a longitudinal wave*: True
- Sound is the vibration of matter*: True
- The longer the wavelength of the wave, the higher the pitch*: False
- Sound can travel in outer space*: False
- Amplitude of sound corresponds to how much the wave is compressed*: True
- The unit of frequency is Hertz*: True
- Small obstacles cannot cause diffraction of wave*: False
- Speed of sound depends on pressure of air*: True
- Sound wave with higher frequency moving faster*: True
- Different instruments have different qualities of sound (timbre):* True
- Audio sound frequency range is 2 Hz to 2000 Hz*: False (Correct range is 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz)
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