Questions and Answers
Which of the following is the best definition of an element?
Carbon dioxide is a substance made up of atoms of carbon and oxygen in fixed ratios. What is carbon dioxide?
a compound
Substances found on the periodic table are considered elements, compounds, and molecules.
False
You can find all the naturally occurring compounds on the periodic table.
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What is a cation?
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What happens when an element gains neutrons?
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Groups on the periodic table are also called __________, and the far right group of the table is the ________.
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What is the atomic weight of argon (Ar)?
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As you move from left to right across the periodic table, what increases by exactly one from element to element?
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Across the periodic table, each succeeding element in the same period (row) has increased what?
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All atoms of the same element have the same number of what?
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The smallest unit of a compound is called a(n) ___________.
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Chemical bonds contain energy that can be released when they are broken.
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A molecule of glucose is the smallest unit of the compound glucose.
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Which of the following has a net negative electrical charge?
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What is an anion?
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Which of the following elements has the greatest electronegativity? (Ga, As, or Br)
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Which of the following elements has the lowest electronegativity? (Ca, Sr, or Fr)
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Which element would be more likely to pull in electrons during the formation of a compound? (Sb, I, or Cl)
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Which of the following elements holds its electrons with the most energy? (Lithium (Li), Beryllium (Be), or Boron (B))
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What is the most abundant element in the universe?
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Compounds like NaCl and H2O are made up of what?
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A substance made of copper atoms and chlorine atoms combined together will have the same chemical properties as copper and chlorine individually.
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All atoms of the same compound have the same number of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
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Which of the following is the best definition of an isotope?
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If an element loses electrons, it is considered what?
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A neutral carbon atom has six protons and ___________ electrons. A carbon cation that has ___________ one electron has a total of ______________ electrons.
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A neutral calcium atom has _____________ protons and 20 neutrons. A calcium anion that has ____________ two electrons has a total of ___________ electrons.
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How many protons and valence electrons are in phosphorus (P)?
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Which element has the highest atomic radius?
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Study Notes
Classification of Elements
- An element is defined as a chemical substance with atoms that all possess the same number of protons.
- Carbon dioxide is classified as a compound formed from specific ratios of carbon and oxygen atoms.
- The periodic table primarily consists of elements and does not include all naturally occurring compounds or molecules.
Atomic Structure and Charge
- A cation refers to an atom that has lost one or more electrons, resulting in a positive charge.
- An anion is characterized as an atom that has gained one or more electrons, giving it a net negative charge.
- Neutrons do not affect an atom’s electrical charge, even if their number changes; only protons and electrons influence charge.
Periodic Table Insights
- The vertical columns of the periodic table are known as families or groups, with the far-right group containing the noble gases.
- The atomic weight of argon (Ar) is approximately 40.
- Moving left to right across the periodic table results in an increase in atomic number by one for each successive element.
Trends in the Periodic Table
- Each element in the same period exhibits increased electronegativity, ionization energy, and proton count.
- All atoms of a specific element have the same number of protons.
- The molecule is the smallest unit of a compound, containing various combinations of atoms.
Chemical Properties and Bonds
- Chemical bonds hold energy, which can be released when the bonds are broken.
- For example, a molecule of glucose serves as the smallest unit of the compound glucose, retaining the compound's properties.
Element Properties
- The most abundant element in the universe is hydrogen.
- Compounds like NaCl (table salt) and H2O (water) consist of elements combined in definite proportions.
- A combination of copper and chlorine will not retain the individual properties of each element.
Isotopes and Electronic Configurations
- An isotope is defined as elements of the same type that possess differing numbers of neutrons.
- A neutral carbon atom has six protons and six electrons; a carbon cation losing one electron results in five electrons.
- A neutral calcium atom contains 20 protons and 20 neutrons, while a calcium anion that gains two electrons totals 22 electrons.
Specific Element Characteristics
- Phosphorus (P) contains 15 protons and 5 valence electrons.
- The element with the highest atomic radius is lead (Pb).
- Among given elements, bromine (Br) possesses the highest electronegativity, while francium (Fr) has the lowest.
- Chlorine (Cl) is likely to attract electrons most effectively when forming compounds, and boron (B) holds its electrons with the most energy among lithium (Li), beryllium (Be), and itself.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the classification of elements, compounds, and molecules in this flashcard quiz. Explore the definitions and characteristics of various chemical substances and their organization in the periodic table.
