4.02 Classification of the Elements Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the best definition of an element?

  • Compound of two or more elements
  • Chemical substance whose atoms all have the same number of protons (correct)
  • Chemical mixture of different atoms
  • A single atom

    • Carbon dioxide is a substance made up of atoms of carbon and oxygen in fixed ratios. What is carbon dioxide?

    a compound

    Substances found on the periodic table are considered elements, compounds, and molecules.

    False

    You can find all the naturally occurring compounds on the periodic table.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cation?

    <p>an atom that has lost one or more electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an element gains neutrons?

    <p>have no change in electrical charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Groups on the periodic table are also called __________, and the far right group of the table is the ________.

    <p>families; noble gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the atomic weight of argon (Ar)?

    <p>40</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As you move from left to right across the periodic table, what increases by exactly one from element to element?

    <p>atomic number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Across the periodic table, each succeeding element in the same period (row) has increased what?

    <p>electronegativity, ionization energy, protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All atoms of the same element have the same number of what?

    <p>protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The smallest unit of a compound is called a(n) ___________.

    <p>molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chemical bonds contain energy that can be released when they are broken.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A molecule of glucose is the smallest unit of the compound glucose.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following has a net negative electrical charge?

    <p>Anion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an anion?

    <p>an atom that has gained one or more electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements has the greatest electronegativity? (Ga, As, or Br)

    <p>Br</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements has the lowest electronegativity? (Ca, Sr, or Fr)

    <p>Fr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element would be more likely to pull in electrons during the formation of a compound? (Sb, I, or Cl)

    <p>Cl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements holds its electrons with the most energy? (Lithium (Li), Beryllium (Be), or Boron (B))

    <p>Boron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most abundant element in the universe?

    <p>hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compounds like NaCl and H2O are made up of what?

    <p>definite proportions of the elements Na, Cl, H, and O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A substance made of copper atoms and chlorine atoms combined together will have the same chemical properties as copper and chlorine individually.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All atoms of the same compound have the same number of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the best definition of an isotope?

    <p>Elements of the same kind with different numbers of neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an element loses electrons, it is considered what?

    <p>an ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A neutral carbon atom has six protons and ___________ electrons. A carbon cation that has ___________ one electron has a total of ______________ electrons.

    <p>six, lost, five</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A neutral calcium atom has _____________ protons and 20 neutrons. A calcium anion that has ____________ two electrons has a total of ___________ electrons.

    <p>20, gained, 22</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many protons and valence electrons are in phosphorus (P)?

    <p>15 protons, 5 valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element has the highest atomic radius?

    <p>lead (Pb)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Classification of Elements

    • An element is defined as a chemical substance with atoms that all possess the same number of protons.
    • Carbon dioxide is classified as a compound formed from specific ratios of carbon and oxygen atoms.
    • The periodic table primarily consists of elements and does not include all naturally occurring compounds or molecules.

    Atomic Structure and Charge

    • A cation refers to an atom that has lost one or more electrons, resulting in a positive charge.
    • An anion is characterized as an atom that has gained one or more electrons, giving it a net negative charge.
    • Neutrons do not affect an atom’s electrical charge, even if their number changes; only protons and electrons influence charge.

    Periodic Table Insights

    • The vertical columns of the periodic table are known as families or groups, with the far-right group containing the noble gases.
    • The atomic weight of argon (Ar) is approximately 40.
    • Moving left to right across the periodic table results in an increase in atomic number by one for each successive element.
    • Each element in the same period exhibits increased electronegativity, ionization energy, and proton count.
    • All atoms of a specific element have the same number of protons.
    • The molecule is the smallest unit of a compound, containing various combinations of atoms.

    Chemical Properties and Bonds

    • Chemical bonds hold energy, which can be released when the bonds are broken.
    • For example, a molecule of glucose serves as the smallest unit of the compound glucose, retaining the compound's properties.

    Element Properties

    • The most abundant element in the universe is hydrogen.
    • Compounds like NaCl (table salt) and H2O (water) consist of elements combined in definite proportions.
    • A combination of copper and chlorine will not retain the individual properties of each element.

    Isotopes and Electronic Configurations

    • An isotope is defined as elements of the same type that possess differing numbers of neutrons.
    • A neutral carbon atom has six protons and six electrons; a carbon cation losing one electron results in five electrons.
    • A neutral calcium atom contains 20 protons and 20 neutrons, while a calcium anion that gains two electrons totals 22 electrons.

    Specific Element Characteristics

    • Phosphorus (P) contains 15 protons and 5 valence electrons.
    • The element with the highest atomic radius is lead (Pb).
    • Among given elements, bromine (Br) possesses the highest electronegativity, while francium (Fr) has the lowest.
    • Chlorine (Cl) is likely to attract electrons most effectively when forming compounds, and boron (B) holds its electrons with the most energy among lithium (Li), beryllium (Be), and itself.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the classification of elements, compounds, and molecules in this flashcard quiz. Explore the definitions and characteristics of various chemical substances and their organization in the periodic table.

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