3rd Quarter Biology - Reproductive & Nervous System
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Questions and Answers

Which of these options are the three main parts of the female reproductive system?

  • Uterus, Ovary, Vagina (correct)
  • Ovary, Fimbriae, Oviduct
  • Fimbriae, Uterus, Vulva
  • Endometrium, Cervix, Oviduct

What is the name of the phase of the menstrual cycle referring to the time when the egg matures?

  • Follicular Phase (correct)
  • Luteal Phase
  • Menstrual Phase
  • Ovulation Phase

What is the name of the part of a flower that produces pollen?

  • Stigma
  • Petal
  • Filament
  • Anther (correct)

The process of an egg being released from the ovary is called ______.

<p>ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the process of a sperm fertilizing an egg?

<p>Fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

A successful implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus results in pregnancy.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these are vital body functions?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the word 'neuron' refer to?

<p>Nerve cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nervous system?

<p>To generate, transmit and modulate information between the different parts of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nervous system is responsible for regulating our breathing, heartbeat, and digestion.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the autonomic nervous system?

<p>Somatic Nervous System (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between efferent neurons and afferent neurons?

<p>Efferent neurons carry signals from the central nervous system (CNS) away to muscles and glands, while afferent neurons carry signals from sensory receptors to the CNS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'homeostasis' refer to?

<p>The stable state of internal balance, maintaining the body's internal environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Shivering is a mechanism to help cool the body.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sweating is a mechanism to help warm the body.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Homeostasis is a process that helps maintain a stable internal environment, but it does not involve any feedback mechanisms.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hormones are chemicals produced by the endocrine system that regulate many body functions.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is known as "The Reward Chemical"?

<p>Dopamine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is known as "The Love Hormone"?

<p>Oxytocin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is known as "The Painkiller"?

<p>Endorphins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is known as "The Mood Stabilizer"?

<p>Serotonin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of Homeostasis?

<p>A self-regulating process by which an organism maintains its stable internal environment by adjusting to conditions best for its survival.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Menstruation

A period of time, typically 1-5 days, during which the uterine lining sheds, resulting in bleeding through the vagina.

Follicular Phase

The phase from day 6 to 14 in the menstrual cycle where an egg matures inside the ovary.

Ovulation

Day 14 of the menstrual cycle, where a mature egg is released from the ovary into the fallopian tube.

Luteal Phase

The phase from day 15 to 28 where the uterus prepares for a possible pregnancy by thickening its lining to receive a fertilized egg.

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Fertilization

The process where a sperm cell fertilizes an egg after its release from the ovary during ovulation.

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Implantation

The attachment of a fertilized egg to the uterine lining, marking the beginning of a pregnancy.

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What is the Nervous System?

A network of neurons that transmits information throughout the body, enabling various vital functions and behaviors.

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Neuron or Nerve Cell

The functional and structural unit of the nervous system, responsible for transmitting nerve impulses.

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Central Nervous System

Division of the Nervous System that includes the brain and spinal cord, acting as the central control center.

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Peripheral Nervous System

Division of the Nervous System that comprises all nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, acting as the communication lines between the CNS and the body.

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Sensory Neurons

Nerve cells that transmit signals from sensory receptors to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord).

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Motor Neurons

Nerve cells that transmit signals from the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) to muscles and glands.

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Somatic Nervous System

The part of the motor (efferent) nervous system that controls voluntary actions, like moving skeletal muscles.

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Autonomic Nervous System

The part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for regulating involuntary actions like heartbeat and digestion.

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Sympathetic Nervous System

A division of the autonomic nervous system associated with 'fight-or-flight' responses, preparing the body for activity.

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Parasympathetic Nervous System

A division of the autonomic nervous system associated with 'rest-and-digest' responses, promoting calming and energy conservation.

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Homeostasis

The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

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Negative Feedback

A feedback mechanism that reduces or minimizes changes in the body, keeping it in balance.

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Dopamine

A neurotransmitter associated with pleasure, reward, and motivation.

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Oxytocin

A hormone and neuropeptide involved in social bonding, reproduction, and childbirth.

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Endorphins

Hormones that act as natural painkillers, released during stress or pleasurable activities.

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Serotonin

A neurotransmitter linked to mood regulation, happiness, and optimism.

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What is Homeostasis?

A state where the internal conditions of an organism remain stable, allowing optimal survival.

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Study Notes

3rd Quarter Biology - JSMIC 2024-2025

  • Topics: Physiology of Reproductive, Nervous, and Endocrine Systems; Heredity and Mutation: DNA and RNA; Ecosystem: Evolution and Biodiversity

Reproductive System

  • Menstrual cycle phases:

    • Menstruation (Days 1-5): Blood and tissue from the uterus exit the vagina. Happens roughly once per month.
    • Follicular Phase (Days 6-14): An egg matures in the ovary.
    • Ovulation (Day 14): A mature egg is released from the ovary. The egg travels through the fallopian tube for fertilization.
    • Luteal Phase (Days 15-28): The uterus prepares for pregnancy by thickening the lining. Issues during this phase can impact getting or staying pregnant.
    • Pregnancy: A sperm fertilizes an egg (ovulation). The fertilized egg implants in the uterus, leading to pregnancy.

Nervous System

  • Basic unit: The nervous system is a network of neurons. Neurons form the basic unit of structure and function of the nervous system.
  • Function: The nervous system generates, modulates, and transmits information between all parts of the body. This enables vital functions like heartbeat, breathing, and digestion. Human consciousness is also controlled by the nervous system.
  • Types of neurons:
    • Afferent neurons: Carry information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system (CNS – brain and spinal cord).
    • Efferent neurons: Carry motor information from the CNS to muscles and glands.
  • Homeostasis: The nervous system plays a role in homeostasis with negative feedback loops.
  • Negative feedback loops (example, body temperature): The body attempts to maintain stable body temperature.

Endocrine System

  • Introduction: Composed of glands that release hormones into the bloodstream.

  • Components: Various glands (e.g., brain, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes)

  • Happy hormones:

    • Dopamine: Involved in feeling pleasure (reward system).
    • Oxytocin: "Love hormone." Plays a role in social bonding, reproduction, childbirth, and the postpartum period.
    • Endorphins: "Painkillers." Released during pain or stress. These are also released during pleasurable activities such as exercise, massage, eating and sex. They help relieve pain, reduce stress, and improve well-being.
    • Serotonin: Impacts mood (satisfaction, happiness, optimism).

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Description

This quiz covers vital concepts in the physiology of the reproductive and nervous systems, as well as heredity, DNA, RNA, and ecosystems. Explore the phases of the menstrual cycle and the functional units of the nervous system. Test your understanding of evolution and biodiversity in this comprehensive biology assessment.

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