module 1 - organelles and plasma membranes

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an example of facilitated diffusion?

  • Diffusion of water across a membrane
  • Active transport of ions across a membrane
  • Diffusion of glucose across a membrane (correct)
  • Endocytosis of large molecules into a cell

What is the net result of osmosis?

  • Diffusion of solutes out of a cell
  • Active transport of water across a membrane
  • Diffusion of water into a cell (correct)
  • No net movement of water

What limits the speed of facilitated diffusion?

  • The presence of ATP
  • The concentration gradient across the membrane
  • The size of the molecules being transported
  • The number of channel proteins (correct)

In primary active transport, where is energy used to induce transport?

<p>At the membrane protein itself (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of endocytosis and exocytosis?

<p>To transport large molecules across the cell membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key component of the laboratory's responsibility in ensuring accuracy and reproducibility of test results?

<p>Implementing an internal quality control system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is accuracy established when a new method is introduced for the first time?

<p>By comparing a patient's test result using the new method to a result of the same sample using a different method (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the range within which approximately 66% of points fall, based on the mean and standard deviation?

<p>Mean +/- 1 standard deviation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the range within which approximately 95% of points fall, based on the mean and standard deviation?

<p>Mean +/- 2 standard deviations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Levey-Jennings chart in the quality control process?

<p>To plot patient samples and determine if they are reliable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these formulas represents the sensitivity of a test?

<p>$sensitivity = \frac{TP}{TP + FN}$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of a test?

<p>The proportion of people with a positive test result who have the disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the False Positive Rate (FPR) of a test?

<p>$FPR = \frac{FP}{FP + TN}$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of a test?

<p>The proportion of people without disease that test negative for the disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating the efficiency of a test?

<p>$efficiency = \frac{TP + TN}{TP + TN + FP + FN}$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about Westgard Rule 2?

<p>If one control is within 2SD and the other is no more than 3SD from the mean, accept the run and report the patient's results. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about Westgard Rule 4?

<p>If both controls are outside 2SD, reject the run and do not report the patient's result. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Westgard Rule 5, when should a run be rejected?

<p>If four quality control results in a row, for either the normal or abnormal control, fall on the same side of the mean above or below 1SD. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Westgard Rule 6, when should a run be rejected?

<p>If ten consecutive results for either quality control sample fall on the same side of the mean. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of individuals required to construct a reference interval?

<p>100 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing lipids and carbohydrates?

<p>Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is involved in lysosome and peroxisome synthesis?

<p>Golgi apparatus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of lysosomes?

<p>Digestion of excess, damaged, and foreign substances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the toxic byproduct produced by peroxisomes?

<p>Hydrogen peroxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of mitochondria?

<p>Manufacture most of the cell's ATP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nucleus?

<p>Transport via pores (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the plasma membrane?

<p>Nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for coordinating the interaction of mRNA and ribosomes to build polypeptides during protein synthesis?

<p>Ribosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is composed of two subunits, the small ribosomal subunit, and the large ribosomal subunit?

<p>Ribosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ribosomes are scattered through the cytoplasm?

<p>Free ribosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nucleus?

<p>Produce ribosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the plasma membrane is responsible for cell-to-cell communication?

<p>Proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis in a cell?

<p>Ribosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of free ribosomes in a cell?

<p>Build polypeptides during protein synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the nucleus?

<p>Endoplasmic reticulum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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