35 Questions
Which of the following is an example of facilitated diffusion?
Diffusion of glucose across a membrane
What is the net result of osmosis?
Diffusion of water into a cell
What limits the speed of facilitated diffusion?
The number of channel proteins
In primary active transport, where is energy used to induce transport?
At the membrane protein itself
What is the purpose of endocytosis and exocytosis?
To transport large molecules across the cell membrane
Which of the following is a key component of the laboratory's responsibility in ensuring accuracy and reproducibility of test results?
Implementing an internal quality control system
How is accuracy established when a new method is introduced for the first time?
By comparing a patient's test result using the new method to a result of the same sample using a different method
What is the range within which approximately 66% of points fall, based on the mean and standard deviation?
Mean +/- 1 standard deviation
What is the range within which approximately 95% of points fall, based on the mean and standard deviation?
Mean +/- 2 standard deviations
What is the purpose of a Levey-Jennings chart in the quality control process?
To plot patient samples and determine if they are reliable
Which one of these formulas represents the sensitivity of a test?
$sensitivity = \frac{TP}{TP + FN}$
What is the Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of a test?
The proportion of people with a positive test result who have the disease
What is the False Positive Rate (FPR) of a test?
$FPR = \frac{FP}{FP + TN}$
What is the Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of a test?
The proportion of people without disease that test negative for the disease
What is the formula for calculating the efficiency of a test?
$efficiency = \frac{TP + TN}{TP + TN + FP + FN}$
Which of the following is true about Westgard Rule 2?
If one control is within 2SD and the other is no more than 3SD from the mean, accept the run and report the patient's results.
Which of the following is true about Westgard Rule 4?
If both controls are outside 2SD, reject the run and do not report the patient's result.
According to Westgard Rule 5, when should a run be rejected?
If four quality control results in a row, for either the normal or abnormal control, fall on the same side of the mean above or below 1SD.
According to Westgard Rule 6, when should a run be rejected?
If ten consecutive results for either quality control sample fall on the same side of the mean.
What is the minimum number of individuals required to construct a reference interval?
100
Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing lipids and carbohydrates?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Which organelle is involved in lysosome and peroxisome synthesis?
Golgi apparatus
What is the main function of lysosomes?
Digestion of excess, damaged, and foreign substances
What is the toxic byproduct produced by peroxisomes?
Hydrogen peroxide
What is the main function of mitochondria?
Manufacture most of the cell's ATP
Which of the following is NOT a function of the nucleus?
Transport via pores
Which of the following is NOT a component of the plasma membrane?
Nucleus
Which organelle is responsible for coordinating the interaction of mRNA and ribosomes to build polypeptides during protein synthesis?
Ribosomes
Which organelle is composed of two subunits, the small ribosomal subunit, and the large ribosomal subunit?
Ribosomes
Which type of ribosomes are scattered through the cytoplasm?
Free ribosomes
Which of the following is NOT a function of the nucleus?
Produce ribosomes
Which component of the plasma membrane is responsible for cell-to-cell communication?
Proteins
Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis in a cell?
Ribosomes
What is the function of free ribosomes in a cell?
Build polypeptides during protein synthesis
Which of the following is NOT a component of the nucleus?
Endoplasmic reticulum
Test your knowledge of cell transport mechanisms such as facilitated diffusion, osmosis, active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis. Explore the responsibilities of laboratories in ensuring the accuracy and reproducibility of test results.
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