Untitled Quiz

Study Notes

Analyze carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids for their functions and food sources
Appreciate the essence of biomolecules in everyday food
Plot the differences of all biomolecules

Monomers are small molecules, mostly organic, that can join with other molecules to form larger molecules called polymers
Monomers are the building blocks of all biomolecules

Monosaccharides are the simplest sugar containing only one sugar molecule
- Examples include Ribose, Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
Disaccharides consist of two molecules of monosaccharides.
- Examples include Maltose (Glu+Glu), Lactose (Glu+Gal), Sucrose (Gal+Fruc)
Polysaccharides consist of a large number of monosaccharide units.
- Examples include Starch (largest source of carbs), Glycogen, Cellulose, and Chitin

Proteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems.
They have a diverse range of functions in all macromolecules.
Proteins are composed of a chain of monomers called amino acids
There are three types of amino acids: Non-essential, Conditional Essential, and Essential

Structural protein: provides mechanical shape and support (e.g., collagen, elastin)
Storage protein: provides nourishment and stores amino acids (e.g., casein)
Transport protein: transports substances in the body (e.g., hemoglobin)
Receptor protein: response of a cell to chemical stimuli
Hormonal protein: coordinates activities of different body systems (e.g., insulin, glucagon)
Contractile protein: responsible for movement and muscle coordination (e.g., actin, myosin)
Defensive protein: protects the body against pathogens (e.g., antibodies)
Enzymatic protein: accelerates chemical reactions (e.g., digestive enzymes)

Lipids are a diverse group of compounds that are nonpolar, hydrophobic, or insoluble in water.
Lipids are soluble in organic solvents
Lipids are the building blocks of cells that store energy long-term in the form of fats
Lipids provide insulation for plants and animals