Anatomy of Upper extremity (Elbow, FA, & Hand)

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Questions and Answers

Biaxial joint:

  • Thumb jt (Sellar/Saddle) (correct)
  • Shoulder jt (Ball and Socket)
  • Atlanto-axial jt (Pivot/Trochoid)
  • Elbow jt (Hinge/Ginglymus)

The principal muscle involved in light hand closure is the:

  • Flexor carpi radialis
  • Flexor digitorum superficialis
  • Flexor digitorum profundus (correct)
  • Extensor digitorum

The anconeus is responsible for:

  • Helping maintain elbow extension
  • Stabilizing the elbow joint during other movements of the upper extremity
  • All of these (correct)
  • Initiating extension of the elbow

Muscle innervated by the radial nerve:

<p>Abductor pollicis longus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is most commonly affected by lateral epicondylitis?

<p>Extensor carpi radialis brevis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

NOT an extrinsic muscle of the hand:

<p>extensor carpi radialis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The inability to make a complete fist with palmarflexion of the wrist is due to:

<p>Marked approximation of the proximal and distal attachments of the fingers flexors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The functional position of the ulna includes the following, EXCEPT:

<p>Radial deviation to 5 degrees (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Panner's disease?

<p>A cartilage disorder affecting the elbow in children. (Avascular Necrosis) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure prevents excessive radial distraction at the elbow?

<p>Annular ligament (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles insert at the radial tuberosity?

<p>Biceps brachii (long and short) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle inserts at the coronoid process of the ulna?

<p>Brachialis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure prevents proximal displacement of the radius to the ulna, provides stability, shock absorption, and serves as a site for muscle attachment?

<p>Interosseous membrane (IOM) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

With the forearm in the fully pronated position, flexion of the elbow is carried out mostly by the:

<p>Brachialis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides major stability to the distal radioulnar joint?

<p>Triangular fibrocartilage complex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The lumbrical muscle:

<p>Has a better leverage as a DIP extensor compared to its leverage as an MCP flexor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A forearm muscle that belongs to the extensor group but flexes the elbow is the:

<p>Brachioradialis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal carrying angle of men?

<p>5-10 degrees (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal carrying angle of women?

<p>10 to 15 degrees (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When the carrying angle exceeds 5 degrees, what condition is it indicative of?

<p>Cubitus varus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pronation-supination movement of the forearm brings about gliding motion in the following, EXCEPT:

<p>Ulnar-humeral articulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The radial head is kept in place by the:

<p>annular ligament (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary muscle responsible for elbow flexion?

<p>Biceps Brachii (A), Brachialis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What muscle of the forearm is the strongest supinator?

<p>Biceps brachii (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which forearm muscle is in midposition or neutral?

<p>Brachioradialis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion point of the brachialis muscle?

<p>Coronoid process (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the biceps brachii?

<p>Elbow supination, elbow and shoulder flexion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ulnar deviation at the wrist is brought about by the action of the:

<p>Flexor carpi ulnaris with the extensor carpi ulnaris (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A person’s grip is weaker, if his wrist is in a flexed position because of.

<p>Passive insufficiency of the finger extensors and active insufficiency of the finger flexors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which carpal bone is considered the most mobile?

<p>Scaphoid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which carpal bone is typically palpated during wrist flexion?

<p>Lunate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which carpal bone lies below the pisiform?

<p>Triquetrum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What carpal bone is the only sesamoid bone?

<p>Pisiform (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which carpal bone has only one articulation?

<p>Pisiform (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones articulate with the 1st metacarpal?

<p>Trapezium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The following muscles act to flex the humerus, EXCEPT:

<p>subscapularis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The flexor muscles of the elbow would be at best advantage when at what degree of flexion?

<p>90 degrees (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The key joint in hand movements:

<p>Wrist joint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Synergist of finger flexors:

<p>Wrist extensors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

“Miner’s elbow” refers to an inflammation of the:

<p>medial epicondyle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the second smallest carpal bone?

<p>Trapezoid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest carpal bone?

<p>Capitate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which carpal bone is most commonly fractured?

<p>Scaphoid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which carpal bone is most commonly dislocated?

<p>Lunate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition called in which there is avascular necrosis of the lunate bone?

<p>Kienböck's disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which digit of the hand is the strongest?

<p>Index Finger (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

These muscles make up the thenar eminence.

<p>Abductor Pollicis Brevis, Opponens Pollicis and Flexor Pollicis Brevis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All carpal bones have at least four articulating surfaces, EXCEPT:

<p>Pisiform (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true of the radius:

<p>All of these (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Ulnar Nerve innervates the following muscles, EXCEPT:

<p>Palmaris Longus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What glide should be applied to increase the flexion of the radiocarpal joint?

<p>Palmar glide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the medial boundary of the anatomical snuffbox?

<p>Extensor pollicis longus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lateral boundary of the anatomical snuffbox?

<p>Abductor pollicis longus and Extensor pollicis brevis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

These long muscles flex the second to fifth digits of the IP joints:

<p>Both of these (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

This structure completes a collar in which the radial head revolves, and also tends to prevent the radius from being pulled down out of its socket

<p>Annular ligament (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The following statement are true of the Radial Nerve, EXCEPT:

<p>As it crosses the elbow joint, it supplies the muscles arising from the lateral supracondylar ridge; the Brachioradialis and Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Median Nerve innervates the following muscles, EXCEPT:

<p>All Interossei (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The anatomical snuff box is bounded by the tendons of:

<p>Extensor Pollicis Longus, Abductor Pollicis Longus and Extensor Pollicis Brevis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true:

<p>The median n. supplies al of the Flexor Pollicis Longus and the adjoining half of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus; the median half of Profundus is supplied by the ulnar nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

This injury causes paralysis of the Pronator Teres and Quadratus

<p>Median nerve injury above the elbow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

This muscle’s sole concern is flexion of the elbow joint. It was an extensive origin from the whole lower half of the shaft of the humerus and inserted by a tendon into the tuberosity of the ulna below the coronoid process:

<p>Brachialis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The following statements are true of the anatomical snuffbox, EXCEPT:

<p>It is bounded laterally by the tendon of the abductor pollicis brevis and extensor pollicis longus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The proximal IP joint of the hand is stabilized in order to test this muscle:

<p>Flexor Digitorum Profundus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The following statements apply to the ulnar nerve, EXCEPT:

<p>Paralysis causes the grip to be fairly weak but finger abduction and adduction will be nearly lost (@)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The following statements are true of the triquetrium, EXCEPT:

<p>Formed within the flexor ulnaris tendon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What muscles attach to the Lateral Supracondylar Ridge?

Brachioradialis & ECRL (Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus)

What muscle attaches to the Medial Supracondylar Ridge?

Pronator Teres

Which epicondyle is related to Tennis Elbow? What muscles attach here?

Lateral Epicondyle – Wrist extensors & Supinator

Which epicondyle is related to Golfer’s Elbow? What muscles attach here?

Medial Epicondyle – Wrist flexors & Pronator Teres

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What bone does the Capitulum articulate with?

Radial head

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What condition affects the Capitulum?

Panner’s Disease (Avascular Necrosis)

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What bone does the Trochlea articulate with?

Ulna (Trochlear Notch)

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What ligament holds the Radial Head in place?

Annular Ligament

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What is Nursemaid’s Elbow?

Dislocation of the Radial Head (common in children)

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What muscle inserts into the Radial Tuberosity?

Biceps Brachii

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What muscle inserts into the Coronoid Process?

Brachialis

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What muscle inserts into the Olecranon Process?

Olecranon

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What is the purpose of the Interosseous Membrane (IOM)?

  • Holds radius & ulna together
  • Absorbs shock
  • Muscle attachment site
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What is the carrying angle for men and women?

Men: 5-10° Women: 10-15°

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What happens if the carrying angle is less than 5°?

Cubitus Varus (Gunstock Deformity)

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What happens if the carrying angle is greater than 15°?

Cubitus Valgus

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