78 Questions
What is the definition of an industrial network?
A network with at least three devices connected in an industrial environment
What are the additional requirements for industrial networks, beyond those of commercial networks?
They must offer predictable throughput and extremely low downtime
What is the term used to describe the functionality where network response times must fall within a specific window of time to avoid errors?
Determinism
Why must time-sensitive operations, such as computing a PID algorithm, provide a definitive window of time for data input?
To ensure real-time control and stability of the process operation
What does 'five nines' refer to in the context of downtime requirements in modern industry?
Downtime must be less than 0.00001%
Why do all designs for industrial networks involve compromises?
To meet key industrial requirements such as low downtime and others
What is the purpose of launching into the discussion of selected industrial networks in the chapter?
To illustrate key principles through examples of selected industrial networks
What term is used to describe the functionality where industrial requirements dictate that network response times must fall within a specific window of time?
"Determinism"
In an industrial environment, what is the minimum number of devices required to form an industrial network?
Three devices
What is the main purpose of an industrial network?
To connect devices through a shared media or distribution for functional communications in an industrial environment
What is one way to achieve 99.999 percent of total system availability?
Using distributed control
What does it mean for a system to be scalable from one to many?
The design remains efficient regardless of network size
What is an essential characteristic of a well-designed industrial control system according to the text?
Operable by nonspecialists
What advantage do distributed control systems (DCSs) offer over programmable logic controllers (PLCs)?
Peer-to-peer communications
What is an evolution of the older standalone digital controller mentioned in the text?
Programmable automation controller (PAC)
Which feature is associated with proprietary DCSs according to the passage?
Nice graphics and diagnostics
What did the early DCS systems use to link all their components?
Vendor-proprietary LANs
What is a characteristic of Allen-Bradley's Data Highway network?
Local area network for up to 255 nodes
What is one essential aspect of industrial equipment according to the text?
'Industrially hardened' or enclosed in an industrial enclosure
'Bumpless' redundancy and live configuration change capabilities are seen as essential in which industrial automation offerings?
'Bumpless' redundancy and live configuration change capabilities are essential in DCS-based offerings.
What type of network is DeviceNet?
Low-level network for connecting simple industrial devices
Which industrial network uses the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol?
EtherNet/IP
What kind of controllers provide advanced process control capabilities and have been accepted for industrial batch process automation?
Programmable automation controllers (PACs)
What is the data rate provided by the HART protocol?
1200 bps
What is the primary purpose of offering proprietary distributed control systems (DCSs)?
To perform continuous process control actions
What differentiates PROFIBUS PA from PROFIBUS DP?
Physical media technology used
Which industrial network uses the EIA-709 standard?
LonWorks
What does FOUNDATION Fieldbus handle in two different modes?
Data in cyclic and acyclic modes
What is the main purpose of HART instruments' advanced diagnostics?
Optimizing field device configuration
What is LonWorks' major market according to the text?
Building automation
What does EtherNet/IP use to allow devices to be added and removed from a network?
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
What defines the current master in PROFIBUS?
Bidding process
What is Foundation Fieldbus designed to interconnect?
Field instruments using distributed intelligence system
What is ControlNet intended for?
Simultaneous I/O and explicit messaging
What is the maximum number of nodes allowed on Data Highway Plus?
64
Which signaling voltage does Data Highway Plus use?
+7 volts peak-to-peak
What is the transmission protocol used by most other PLC manufacturers besides their proprietary method?
Modbus Remote Terminal Unit
What is the maximum data rate of the Data Highway?
57.6 Kbps
What is the transmission protocol originally had two modes: an ASCII mode and the RTU mode?
Modbus RTU
What is the maximum length of a trunk line at the 57.6 Kbps data rate for Data Highway?
10,000 ft
How does the floating master scheme in Data Highway work?
It provides a bid scheme for controllers to bid for the bus based on their priority and need.
What does Modbus RTU protocol use as start and stop delimiters in MAC and Physical layer?
Idle time
Which data rate is supported by Data Highway Plus?
+230 Kbps
What type of arrangement is the Modbus RTU protocol based on?
-Master/slave polling arrangement
What is the speed of HSE (High Speed Ethernet) in Mbps?
100
How many devices can a non-intrinsically safe segment support in FOUNDATION Fieldbus?
2 to 30 devices
What is the purpose of clock synchronization in FOUNDATION Fieldbus?
To maintain the same real time on all devices
Which model does FOUNDATION Fieldbus use for background processes?
Publisher-subscriber model
What is the main difference between the client-server model and the publisher-subscriber model?
Subscription process
In which layer of FOUNDATION Fieldbus does system management address device tag assignment?
Application and User Layers
What is the main purpose of the H1 fieldbus?
Connection to field devices
'Manchester encoding' is used for placing data on the wire in which layer of FOUNDATION Fieldbus?
Data Link Layer
What type of signal is used for preamble and start/stop delimiters in the Fieldbus Layer 2 Frame of FOUNDATION Fieldbus?
Non-valid signals
What is the purpose of using function blocks in the Application and User Layers of FOUNDATION Fieldbus?
As interfaces between the communications protocol and the function block
Which organization tests protocol stacks and devices for conformance to specifications in FOUNDATION Fieldbus?
Fieldbus Foundation
What are the advantages of FOUNDATION Fieldbus compared to conventional devices?
High information flow and good control-loop performance
What is the goal behind the ISA100 standard?
To provide reliable and secure wireless operation for monitoring, alerting, and control applications
Which institute owns the ISA100 Compliant certification scheme?
ISA Automation Standards Compliance Institute
What technology are SCADA systems predominantly used for?
Geographically dispersed processes
What spurred the development of SCADA systems in the 1970s?
Introduction of 16-bit minicomputers
What was the original purpose of the Modbus RTU protocol?
Communicating with PLCs
What is necessary to obtain when using a device that communicates using Modbus protocol?
Vendor documentation defining function codes and data-to-register addresses
What is the Distributed Network Protocol (DNP3) known for?
Simple, low-overhead RTU protocol
What do all devices in a wireless subnet communicate using?
Time division multiple access (TDMA)
What does the IEC stand for in relation to the ISA100 standard?
International Electrotechnical Commission
What was the major purpose of forming the ISA100 committee in 2005?
To establish standards for wireless systems at the field level in automation and control environment
What is the most basic form of RTU protocol that performs master-slave polling?
Modbus RTU protocol
What does DNP3 support that Modbus does not?
Floating point and integer values
What was the primary purpose of check codes in early RTU protocols?
To permit the identification of bad messages
What feature became less of a requirement with the arrival of smart RTUs and more reliable communication error detection?
Check codes
What does the RTU in electric utility market applications provide?
Virtual RTU to each host
What has been a growing concern in recent years regarding RTU protocols traditionally developed for SCADA use?
Possibility of malicious manipulation of SCADA systems
What was made possible by the computing power of RTUs reaching a certain point in the early 2000s?
Implementation of Ethernet and TCP/IP networking hardware and software
What is a companion standard especially for basic SCADA tasks?
IEC 60870-5-101 Transmission Protocols
What type of data does DNP3 support that SCADA RTU protocols traditionally lack?
Floating point and integer values
What did the arrival of smart RTUs decrease as a requirement?
Check codes
What is a major concern related to the devices used in the electric utility market?
Possibility of malicious manipulation of SCADA systems
What was made possible by the computing power of RTUs reaching a certain point in the early 2000s?
Implementation of Ethernet and TCP/IP networking hardware and software
Test your knowledge of the wireless networking standard developed by the ISA100 committee for industrial automation and control environments. Explore topics related to implementing, deploying, configuring, and operating wireless systems at the field level.
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