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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of Formalism as a literary theory?
What is the primary focus of Formalism as a literary theory?
What does the term 'defamiliarization' refer to in the context of Formalism?
What does the term 'defamiliarization' refer to in the context of Formalism?
Which of the following statements best represents the New Criticism approach?
Which of the following statements best represents the New Criticism approach?
What type of theory is considered 'hard-core' in literary analysis?
What type of theory is considered 'hard-core' in literary analysis?
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Which literary theory rejects subjectivism in favor of scientific methodology?
Which literary theory rejects subjectivism in favor of scientific methodology?
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What is one of the questions that literary theories seek to answer?
What is one of the questions that literary theories seek to answer?
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Which fallacy is associated with New Criticism regarding the author's intent?
Which fallacy is associated with New Criticism regarding the author's intent?
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What aspect of literature is prioritized by the Formalist approach?
What aspect of literature is prioritized by the Formalist approach?
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Who coined the term 'Affective Fallacy'?
Who coined the term 'Affective Fallacy'?
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What is a key tenet of Deconstructionism?
What is a key tenet of Deconstructionism?
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What does the Historical-Biographical Approach emphasize?
What does the Historical-Biographical Approach emphasize?
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Which of the following best describes the primary focus of the Reader-Response Approach?
Which of the following best describes the primary focus of the Reader-Response Approach?
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What does 'Différance' imply in Deconstructionism?
What does 'Différance' imply in Deconstructionism?
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Which literary movement is associated with formalist poetry in the early 1900s?
Which literary movement is associated with formalist poetry in the early 1900s?
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What is a characteristic feature of Modern poetry?
What is a characteristic feature of Modern poetry?
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Who among the following is NOT listed as a proponent of Affective Fallacy?
Who among the following is NOT listed as a proponent of Affective Fallacy?
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What is the primary role of characters in a work of fiction?
What is the primary role of characters in a work of fiction?
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Which term describes the arrangement of words and lines in poetry that creates sound coherence?
Which term describes the arrangement of words and lines in poetry that creates sound coherence?
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In Freytag's Pyramid, what occurs during the climax of a story?
In Freytag's Pyramid, what occurs during the climax of a story?
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What kind of irony involves the audience knowing more than the characters?
What kind of irony involves the audience knowing more than the characters?
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Which component of nonfiction specifically refers to a short piece on a particular subject?
Which component of nonfiction specifically refers to a short piece on a particular subject?
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What does poetic license allow writers to do?
What does poetic license allow writers to do?
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What is a notable feature of modern essays compared to traditional essays?
What is a notable feature of modern essays compared to traditional essays?
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Which phase of the plot structure involves the introduction or appearance of a problem?
Which phase of the plot structure involves the introduction or appearance of a problem?
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Study Notes
21st Century Literature: Literary Theories
- Literary theories are systems for understanding how aspects of the world function, aiding in explaining both past phenomena and predicting future behavior.
- Literary theory forms an essential part of interpreting literature, probing themes and addressing questions related to literary interpretation.
Key Types of Literary Theory
- Hard-core: Focuses on problem-solving in real-world contexts.
- Soft-core: Maps ideas and identifies patterns, often using metaphors and images.
Fundamental Questions Addressed by Literary Theories
- Definitions of literature and criteria for inclusion or exclusion.
- The determination and importance of what constitutes literature.
- Relationship between texts and real life.
- Social and political implications of literary texts.
Schools of Literary Theory
- Schools prioritize different concepts for discussion while minimizing others.
Formalism
- Originated in 20th-century Russia via the Moscow Linguistic Circle (1915).
- Major figures include Viktor Shklovsky, Boris Eichenbaum, and Roman Jakobson.
- Emphasizes literary autonomy and form over themes, viewing literature as independent.
- Advocates for the scientific study of literature, employing objective methodologies.
- Introduces the concept of "defamiliarization" to make familiar ideas unfamiliar.
New Criticism
- Post-World War II Anglo-American critical theory championing the internal value of literary works.
- Key proponents: I.A. Richards, William Empson, T.S. Eliot; John Crow Ransom named the theory.
- Advocates that everything necessary for interpretation exists within the text itself.
- Introduces concepts like the intentional fallacy (misinterpretation of author’s intent) and affective fallacy (emotional misreading).
- Focuses on text analysis without summarizing or paraphrasing.
Deconstructionism
- Spearheaded by Jacques Derrida.
- Rejects definitive meanings in texts; interpretation is influenced by context.
- Explores the concept of "différance," indicating that meanings are part of an infinite chain and never fully present.
- Emphasizes the unreliable nature of language and the exploration of multiple interpretations.
Historical-Biographical Approach
- Supported by Stephen Greenblatt and Michel Foucault.
- Highlights the importance of a piece's historical and social context in shaping interpretations.
- Considers how power dynamics influence literature and its critique.
Reader-Response Approach
- Emerged in the 1960s as a challenge to New Criticism.
- Supports the idea that interpretations can be both valid and invalid.
Philippine Literary History and Forms
Poetry
- Evolved from early 1900s romanticism to formalism and modern adventurous styles.
- Key elements include sensory imagery (visual, auditory, etc.), poetic diction, rhyme schemes, speaker voice, and word order.
- Poetic license allows deviations from grammar rules for artistic expression.
Fiction
- Derived from the author's imagination, emphasizing character-driven narratives.
- Key elements include character intention driving plot, types of irony (verbal, situational, dramatic), and plot structure based on Aristotle’s model.
Nonfiction
- Essay Writing: Involves writing on specific subjects, historically significant during the Commonwealth Period.
- Notable essayists include Carlos Bulosan, Carmen Guerrero-Nakpil, and contemporary voices like Kat Alano and Patricia Evangelista.
- Modern essays tend to draw on reader interpretations.
These notes cover a comprehensive understanding of the literary theories and Philippine literary forms discussed in the lessons.
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Description
Explore the foundational concepts of literary theories in this quiz. Learn how meanings are derived from texts, readers, and authors, and understand the distinction between hard-core and soft-core theories. Test your knowledge on how these theories apply to literary interpretation and analysis.
