21st Century Literature in the Philippines

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Questions and Answers

Which period in Philippine history is most closely associated with the flourishing of oral traditions and the development of indigenous literature?

  • Spanish Period
  • Pre-Spanish Period (correct)
  • Period of 3rd Republic
  • Period of Activism

What is the most likely reason why literature during the Pre-Spanish Period was primarily oral?

  • The Filipinos preferred to share their stories through storytelling.
  • The indigenous Filipinos lacked the knowledge of writing.
  • The lack of writing materials made written literature impractical. (correct)
  • The Filipinos believed spoken words held greater power than written words.

What aspect of Philippine culture is most prominently reflected in the literature of the Pre-Spanish Period?

  • The focus on religious themes
  • The influence of Spanish colonial rule
  • The emphasis on community and tradition (correct)
  • The impact of Western literature

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of pre-colonial Philippine literature?

<p>The use of written scripts to record stories. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements BEST describes the significance of pre-colonial Philippine literature?

<p>It provides a window into the lives and perspectives of pre-colonial Filipinos. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant role do the star children of the sun and moon play in the folktale?

<p>They represent the cycle of night and day. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the moon's primary concern regarding his star children?

<p>They might perish if they interact with the sun's children. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phenomenon does the chase between the sun and the moon represent in the folktale?

<p>A solar eclipse. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of literature does 'The Sun and The Moon' belong to?

<p>Folk tale. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What emotional response is primarily depicted in the interactions between the sun and the moon?

<p>Jealousy and anger. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the moon react after the sun kills her star children?

<p>She hides behind the clouds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What theme is reflected in the moon's suggestion to the sun in the folktale?

<p>Sacrifice for the greater good. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristics define folk tales from the Pre-Spanish period?

<p>Cultural identity and oral tradition. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of folklore like 'The Sun and The Moon' in cultural contexts?

<p>To convey moral lessons and cultural values. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of celestial bodies in this folktale relate to human emotions?

<p>It personifies celestial events with human-like conflicts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of literature in the Spanish period primarily reflected religious beliefs?

<p>Religious prose and poetry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant changes in writing systems during the Spanish colonization?

<p>The adoption of the Roman alphabet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a folk song from the Spanish colonial period?

<p>Zarzuela (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key focus of the Propaganda Movement in the Philippines during the 19th century?

<p>Critiquing colonial rule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these authors was part of the intellectual class known as Ilustrados?

<p>Jose Rizal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which work was NOT written by Jose Rizal?

<p>Pagibig sa Tinubuang Lupa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary characteristic of recreational plays during the Spanish period?

<p>Most were in a poetic form (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the American regime have on Filipino writers?

<p>Encouraged writing in English (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which among the following is an example of a traditional folk song?

<p>Sarong Banggi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What genre combines both dramatic and musical elements and was popular during the Spanish period?

<p>Zarzuela (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which literary form is NOT characterized as part of Pre-Spanish literature?

<p>Sonnet Forms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a common belief about the early Philippine alphabet held by Spanish friars?

<p>It was works of the devil. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is NOT mentioned as a characteristic of Pre-Spanish literature?

<p>Expressions of complex philosophical ideas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized as a source of richness in Philippine literature according to its geographic location?

<p>Multifaceted cultural influences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a folk tale from the Pre-Spanish era?

<p>The Moon and the Sun (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary function of the folk songs in Pre-Spanish literature?

<p>To convey moral or cultural lessons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes the types of themes found in Pre-Spanish folk tales?

<p>Love, horror, humor, and life lessons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the Pre-Spanish period, which reason did Spanish friars have for burning Philippine literature?

<p>Belief that it represented devil worship (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a type of literature traditionally created in the Pre-Spanish period?

<p>Satires targeting local leaders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of customs and traditions reflected in Pre-Spanish literature?

<p>They illustrated the daily lives and beliefs of early Filipinos. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The poem refers to women from different places around the world, including 'Pagnito-an', 'Solentiname', and 'Harxheim'. Based on this information, what can we infer about the poem's perspective on language and culture?

<p>The poem suggests that language is a powerful force that can connect people across cultures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The poem uses the phrase "can move their earth." Which of the following interpretations best reflects the meaning of this phrase?

<p>Women have the power to shape the social and cultural landscape. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The poem suggests that women's power comes from their ability to:

<p>Give names and stories to the world. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Read the line: "can move their earth." How does the use of spacing in this line contribute to the poem's overall effect?

<p>It highlights the importance of pauses and silences in communication. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The poem's use of varied sentence structures and punctuation suggests that the author is attempting to:

<p>Represent the fluidity and complexity of language. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a key theme explored in the poem?

<p>The impact of colonialism on local languages. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The poem's title, "The spells and spellings," suggests that the author is interested in exploring:

<p>The mystical power of words. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The phrase "oracular in translation" implies that:

<p>Language has a mystical and prophetic quality. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Chant (Bulong)

A type of incantation used in witchcraft, especially in remote Visayas.

Lagaylay

A special gathering tradition in Sorsogon during May time.

PAGIBIG SA TINUBUANG LUPA

A poem translated from Rizal's work, meaning 'Love for the Native Land.'

Tagalog Zarzuela

A theatrical performance that combines dialogue and song in Tagalog.

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Haiku

A short, structured form of Japanese poetry with 17 syllables.

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English as medium of instruction

The introduction of English as the primary language for teaching in schools.

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Periods of Philippine Literature

Different eras that shaped and evolved Philippine literary forms.

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Cenaculo

A traditional Filipino theatrical play depicting the Passion of Christ.

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Pre-Spanish Literature

Literature created in the Philippines before Spanish colonization, encompassing various forms like legends and folk tales.

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Legends

Traditional stories that often explain natural phenomena or cultural beliefs, typically featuring heroic characters or deities.

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Folk Tales

Simple stories passed down orally, often with moral lessons, usually featuring common people and everyday situations.

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The Epic

A lengthy narrative poem detailing the heroic deeds and adventures of a legendary figure, often embodying national ideals.

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Folk Songs

Songs that capture the culture, customs, or history of a community, often passed down through generations.

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Filipino Folktales

Cultural stories from the Philippines that blend moral lessons with the supernatural, often reflecting societal values.

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The Sun and The Moon

A Tingguian folktale illustrating the relationship between celestial bodies and explaining the phenomenon of eclipses.

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Eclipse

An astronomical event where one celestial body moves into the shadow of another, resulting in temporary obscuration.

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Pasyon

A significant narrative poem about the life of Jesus Christ, reflecting Filipino devotion and culture during Spanish times.

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Cultural Characteristics

Distinctive features that define a culture, such as beliefs, customs, and stories, shaping collective identity.

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Period of Activism

A time when the youth expressed their demands for government change.

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Filipino Reading Habits

During this period, Filipinos enjoyed reading magazines and comics.

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'Ang Bayan Ko' Song

A popular song during the Period of 3rd Republic.

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Imagery in Poetry

Refers to the mental pictures that convey the poem's main idea.

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Value of Mother Tongue in Literature

Encourages Filipino writers to use their native language to express culture and tradition.

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Nationalistic Literature

Literature that expresses pride in a nation's culture, heritage, or identity.

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The Epic Age

A period characterized by long narrative poems about heroes' achievements or events.

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18th Century Literature

Literature during the 1700s known for its colonial history influence and emergence of new genres.

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American Period in Literature

A literary period in the Philippines influenced by American colonization, introducing new themes and styles.

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21st Century Literature

Contemporary literature from the Philippines reflecting modern issues, identity, and experiences.

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Literary Timeline

A chronological representation of significant periods and movements in Philippine literature.

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Period of Enlightenment

A significant period marked by new ideas about human rights and reason influencing literature.

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Kundiman

A traditional Filipino love song characterized by its lyrical quality.

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ALIBATA

The first Filipino alphabet, later replaced by the Roman alphabet.

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Ilustrados

Educated Filipino intellectuals in the 19th century who promoted reform.

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Recreational Plays

Theatrical performances during the Spanish period, often poetic in form.

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Propaganda Movement

A Filipino nationalist movement advocating for reforms during colonization.

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Noli Me Tangere

A novel by Jose Rizal exposing the social cancer of Philippine society.

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Ang Oyayi

A lullaby or hymn in Filipino culture, often soothing and melodic.

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American Regime Influence

The period when American colonization affected Philippine literature, promoting English.

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Study Notes

21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World

  • This module covers the geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine literary history from pre-colonial to contemporary times.
  • The module is designed for senior high school students.
  • It is an Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) module.
  • The course material is published by the Department of Education.
  • Copyright restrictions are noted.

Module Content

  • The module is divided into lessons.
  • Each lesson has sections like "What I Need to Know," "What I Know," "What's In," "What's New," "What is It," "What's More," "What I Have Learned," "What I Can Do," "Assessment," and "Additional Activities."
  • There are activities to assess prior knowledge, introduce new concepts, and provide practice.
  • "Notes to the Teacher" sections provide guidance on facilitating the module.
  • Assessment activities help evaluate the learner's understanding.
  • Additional activities enhance learning and provide reinforcement.
  • An answer key is included at the end of the module for self-checking.
  • The learning materials include a list of references used in developing the module.
  • The content emphasizes the importance of using the module carefully and honestly.
  • The module is designed to help students gain a deep understanding of 21st-century literature from the Philippines and the world.

Literary Periods

  • The module covers different periods of Philippine literary history, including pre-colonial, Spanish, American, Japanese, and contemporary periods.
  • Key elements of literature during each period are discussed.
  • Representative texts from the different regions of the Philippines are mentioned.
  • There is an emphasis on close analysis and critical interpretation.
  • The course highlights the diversity of Philippine literary experiences across different periods and regions..

Additional Activities and Assessments

  • There are activities to identify authors and literary pieces written by important figures.
  • Activities involve analyzing themes, imagery, and other literary elements in various texts.
  • Assessments include questions on literary periods, significant figures, and literary elements.
  • One assignment involves a written response about adaptability to the rich literary heritage of the Philippines.

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