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Goals of psychology

To describe, explain, predict future behavior, and apply psychological knowledge to improve lives.

Structuralism

A school of thought analyzing the basic elements of conscious experience.

Functionalism

A school of thought studying the function and role of behavior in adaptation.

Introspection

A method of self-observation used in structuralism—describing experiences in detail.

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Cognitive psychology

The study of how perception, thinking, and memory work.

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Gestalt psychology

A model emphasizing the organization of perception and thinking in wholes.

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Humanistic psychology

Focuses on human potential and individual growth.

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Social psychology

The study of how social forces affect behavior.

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Developmental psychology

The study of how behavior changes across the lifespan.

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School psychology

Working with students, parents, and teachers on school-related problems.

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Counseling psychology

Helping people with everyday problems and moderate issues.

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Clinical psychology

Diagnosis and treatment of severe psychological disorders.

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Educational psychology

Improving curriculum, tests, teacher training, and other education aspects.

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Theory

Broad explanation and prediction about phenomena.

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Hypothesis

A testable prediction; a specific statement about the relationship between variables.

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Independent Variable

The variable manipulated in an experiment.

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Dependent Variable

The variable measured in an experiment.

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Correlational research

Studies the relationship between two variables, represented by a correlation coefficient.

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