20th Century Economic Challenges

Red Scare Deportations

• Communists were deported due to fear of their ideology's growth.

British Prime Minister's Ideology

• The first socialist British prime minister's ideology was social democracy.

German Reparations Crisis

• Germany fell behind in paying war reparations.
• The French and Belgian forces occupied the Ruhr Valley due to unpaid debts.
• Germany's government implemented striking policies to pay, but created extreme inflation and debt.

Worldwide Economic Depression

• Austria's creditanstalt bank's bankruptcy triggered a global economic depression, starting in Europe.
• Factors included extreme inflation and the fall of the monarchy.
• Prominent economists, like John Maynard Keynes, warned of impending economic chaos.

Keynesian Economics and Welfare Policies

• Keynes's economic theory advocated government intervention to stabilize the economy.
• This included providing economic stimulus, creating welfare policies.

The New Deal in America

• The New Deal in the US aimed to combat the depression.
• It prevented starvation, stabilized wages and prices, and created public work programs for the unemployed.

Liberalism in America

• Increased government involvement in the economy characterize liberalism.

Charles Lindbergh and Nazi Support

• Charles Lindbergh, a famous aviator, supported the Nazis in Europe.
• He flew from New York to Paris.

Nazi Fascism

• Gleichschaltung, a process of coordination, was initiated to transform German life and institutions.

• This involved forcing obedience through peer pressure.

• Fuhrerprinzip, the leader principle, dictated authority flowing from the top.

• Derives from the Italian fascism.

Stalin's Soviet Union

• Russia, an agrarian society, was an unlikely place for a revolution, but was largely rural and agricultural.
• The Bolshevik leaders grew up in relative poverty.
• Stalin's position as General Secretary gave him control over messages.

Stalin's Five-Year Plan

• Stalin initiated a five-year plan to rapidly industrialize the Soviet Union.
• This included rural population movement to cities , expansion of industries, education improvements, and the establishment of a standardized calendar.

Collectivization in the Soviet Union

• Collectivization combined peasant farms into large collective farms.
• Kulaks, wealthy peasants, resisted these practices.
• Gulags, Soviet labor camps, were used for political prisoners and those who resisted collectivization.

Latin American Trends

• Caudillos (strong leaders), haciendas (large estates), machismo (strong masculine ideals), mercantilism, and corporatism shaped Latin American societies during that period.

Indian Independence Movement

• The Indian National Congress played a crucial role in India's independence struggle.
• Hinduism and Islam were the religions with the largest followers. -Civil disobedience movements were used in opposition to British colonial rule and taxes.

Chinese Revolution

• Extraterritoriality, a key factor in the unequal treaties, allowed foreigners to be tried under their own laws.
• Sun Yat-sen, a revolutionary leader, founded the United League.
• The nationalist principles were focused on people's principles. Mao Zedong's political philosophy included nationalism, populism, and will power.
• Japanese expansionism led to significant intervention in China.

Japan's Modernization

• External pressure led to modernization in Japan.
• Participation in social institutions became compulsory during the modernization efforts.

Explore key historical events such as the Red Scare deportations, the impact of Germany's war reparations crisis, and the onset of the worldwide economic depression. This quiz also covers Keynesian economics and welfare policies as responses to economic instability, alongside the New Deal in America. Test your understanding of these significant topics and their interconnections.