20th Century Economic Challenges

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Questions and Answers

What was the significance of extraterritoriality in the context of the unequal treaty system imposed on China?

Extraterritoriality meant that foreigners in China were subject to their own home laws, undermining Chinese jurisdiction in their own territory.

Who was the first professional revolutionary to lead the 1911 revolution in China and what party did he found?

Sun Yat-sen led the 1911 revolution and founded the United League, later known as the National People's Party.

What are the three interrelated elements of Mao Zedong thought?

The three elements of Maoism are nationalism, populism, and will power.

Which foreign power established a puppet state in Manchuria and instigated a conflict in China in 1937?

Japan established a puppet state in Manchuria and launched a war against China in 1937. Signup and view all the answers

What were zaibatsu and their role in Japan's modernization?

Zaibatsu were large business enterprises that were organized for the benefit of the entire nation, contributing to Japan's modernization efforts. Signup and view all the answers

What was Stalin's belief about Russia's industrial position compared to Europe?

Stalin believed Russia was 50 to 100 years behind other European countries. Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the wealthy peasants who resisted collectivization in the Soviet Union?

Kulaks. Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of Russia's network of labor camps during the Soviet era?

Gulags. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for Gandhi's concept of non-violent resistance?

Satyagraha. Signup and view all the answers

Which political body organized and led India's struggle for independence?

Indian National Congress. Signup and view all the answers

What was one reason for civil disobedience against the British regarding salt?

Salt was a basic need. Signup and view all the answers

What era is described as having Feudal characteristics in Latin America?

The era of Caudillos and estancias. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of liberalism was postponed during the Charter Act of 1833 in India?

Political liberty. Signup and view all the answers

During the Red Scare, which political ideology was primarily feared and led to the deportation of individuals?

Communism Signup and view all the answers

Which ideology is associated with the first Socialist British Prime Minister?

Social democracy Signup and view all the answers

What event in 1923 led to the occupation of the Ruhr by France and Belgium?

Germany's failure to pay reparations Signup and view all the answers

What economic consequence resulted from Germany striking while being paid to do so?

Hyperinflation Signup and view all the answers

What was a major factor that contributed to the beginning of the Great Depression in Europe in 1929?

The bankruptcy of the Austrian bank, Creditanstalt Signup and view all the answers

What principle underlies Keynesian economics regarding government involvement in the economy?

Government should provide money to stabilize the economy Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Gleichschaltung' refer to in the context of Nazi governance?

The coordination of German life and institutions to enforce obedience Signup and view all the answers

Why was Russia considered an unlikely place for revolution, according to historical analysis?

It was primarily a peasant country with little industrialization. Signup and view all the answers

Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Red Scare Deportations

Communists were deported due to fear of their ideology's growth.

British Prime Minister's Ideology

The first socialist British prime minister's ideology was social democracy.

German Reparations Crisis

Germany fell behind in paying war reparations.
The French and Belgian forces occupied the Ruhr Valley due to unpaid debts.
Germany's government implemented striking policies to pay, but created extreme inflation and debt.

Worldwide Economic Depression

Austria's creditanstalt bank's bankruptcy triggered a global economic depression, starting in Europe.
Factors included extreme inflation and the fall of the monarchy.
Prominent economists, like John Maynard Keynes, warned of impending economic chaos.

Keynesian Economics and Welfare Policies

Keynes's economic theory advocated government intervention to stabilize the economy.
This included providing economic stimulus, creating welfare policies.

The New Deal in America

The New Deal in the US aimed to combat the depression.
It prevented starvation, stabilized wages and prices, and created public work programs for the unemployed.

Liberalism in America

Increased government involvement in the economy characterize liberalism.

Charles Lindbergh and Nazi Support

Charles Lindbergh, a famous aviator, supported the Nazis in Europe.
He flew from New York to Paris.

Nazi Fascism

Gleichschaltung, a process of coordination, was initiated to transform German life and institutions.
This involved forcing obedience through peer pressure.
Fuhrerprinzip, the leader principle, dictated authority flowing from the top.
Derives from the Italian fascism.

Stalin's Soviet Union

Russia, an agrarian society, was an unlikely place for a revolution, but was largely rural and agricultural.
The Bolshevik leaders grew up in relative poverty.
Stalin's position as General Secretary gave him control over messages.

Stalin's Five-Year Plan

Stalin initiated a five-year plan to rapidly industrialize the Soviet Union.
This included rural population movement to cities , expansion of industries, education improvements, and the establishment of a standardized calendar.

Collectivization in the Soviet Union

Collectivization combined peasant farms into large collective farms.
Kulaks, wealthy peasants, resisted these practices.
Gulags, Soviet labor camps, were used for political prisoners and those who resisted collectivization.

Latin American Trends

Caudillos (strong leaders), haciendas (large estates), machismo (strong masculine ideals), mercantilism, and corporatism shaped Latin American societies during that period.

Indian Independence Movement

The Indian National Congress played a crucial role in India's independence struggle.
Hinduism and Islam were the religions with the largest followers. -Civil disobedience movements were used in opposition to British colonial rule and taxes.

Chinese Revolution

Extraterritoriality, a key factor in the unequal treaties, allowed foreigners to be tried under their own laws.
Sun Yat-sen, a revolutionary leader, founded the United League.
The nationalist principles were focused on people's principles. Mao Zedong's political philosophy included nationalism, populism, and will power.
Japanese expansionism led to significant intervention in China.

Japan's Modernization

External pressure led to modernization in Japan.
Participation in social institutions became compulsory during the modernization efforts.

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Description

Explore key historical events such as the Red Scare deportations, the impact of Germany's war reparations crisis, and the onset of the worldwide economic depression. This quiz also covers Keynesian economics and welfare policies as responses to economic instability, alongside the New Deal in America. Test your understanding of these significant topics and their interconnections.