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Questions and Answers
What was one of Reagan's critiques of Carter during the presidential campaign?
What was one of Reagan's critiques of Carter during the presidential campaign?
Which statement best describes the economic challenges of the 1980s?
Which statement best describes the economic challenges of the 1980s?
How did Reagan respond to the idea of government intervention?
How did Reagan respond to the idea of government intervention?
What trend marked the rise of conservatism during the 1980s?
What trend marked the rise of conservatism during the 1980s?
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Which key event is associated with Jimmy Carter's presidency?
Which key event is associated with Jimmy Carter's presidency?
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What concept exemplifies the shift in foreign policy during Nixon’s era?
What concept exemplifies the shift in foreign policy during Nixon’s era?
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Which political group was influential during Reagan's presidency and advocated conservative principles?
Which political group was influential during Reagan's presidency and advocated conservative principles?
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What was a significant catalyst event leading to disillusionment among young Americans in the 1960s?
What was a significant catalyst event leading to disillusionment among young Americans in the 1960s?
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What was a characteristic of neoconservatism during its emergence?
What was a characteristic of neoconservatism during its emergence?
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Which organization was known for advocating nonviolent resistance and grassroots organizing during the civil rights movement?
Which organization was known for advocating nonviolent resistance and grassroots organizing during the civil rights movement?
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Who was a key leader at the March on Washington known for delivering the 'I Have a Dream' speech?
Who was a key leader at the March on Washington known for delivering the 'I Have a Dream' speech?
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What was the primary goal of the March on Washington in 1963?
What was the primary goal of the March on Washington in 1963?
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What view did Malcolm X express in relation to the March on Washington?
What view did Malcolm X express in relation to the March on Washington?
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Which cultural movement was characterized by its opposition to the Vietnam War and theatrical protests?
Which cultural movement was characterized by its opposition to the Vietnam War and theatrical protests?
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Which of the following aspects characterized the 1960s in the United States?
Which of the following aspects characterized the 1960s in the United States?
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What major event occurred in April 1968?
What major event occurred in April 1968?
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The legacy of the 1960s inspired which of the following social movements?
The legacy of the 1960s inspired which of the following social movements?
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Which candidate was the Democratic nominee for the 1968 presidential election?
Which candidate was the Democratic nominee for the 1968 presidential election?
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What was the main slogan used during the protests at the Chicago Democratic National Convention?
What was the main slogan used during the protests at the Chicago Democratic National Convention?
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Which policy did Nixon advocate for regarding the Vietnam War?
Which policy did Nixon advocate for regarding the Vietnam War?
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Which statement accurately describes the outcome of the 1968 presidential election?
Which statement accurately describes the outcome of the 1968 presidential election?
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What concern was part of the demographic known as the Silent Majority?
What concern was part of the demographic known as the Silent Majority?
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What did the Nixon Doctrine emphasize?
What did the Nixon Doctrine emphasize?
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What was a consequence of the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War by 1972?
What was a consequence of the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War by 1972?
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Which event marked the beginning of the Watergate scandal?
Which event marked the beginning of the Watergate scandal?
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What was a significant outcome of the 1973 Oil Crisis?
What was a significant outcome of the 1973 Oil Crisis?
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What was the primary effect of deindustrialization in the Rust Belt?
What was the primary effect of deindustrialization in the Rust Belt?
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Which legal milestone occurred in 1967 regarding marriage?
Which legal milestone occurred in 1967 regarding marriage?
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Which agreement was instrumental in improving relations with the Soviet Union?
Which agreement was instrumental in improving relations with the Soviet Union?
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Which campaign opposed the Equal Rights Amendment during the 1970s?
Which campaign opposed the Equal Rights Amendment during the 1970s?
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What was a key feature of the Sun Belt region's growth during WWII?
What was a key feature of the Sun Belt region's growth during WWII?
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What was one of the main goals of President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society?
What was one of the main goals of President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society?
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What was the primary focus of Jimmy Carter's
What was the primary focus of Jimmy Carter's
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Which act established Medicare and Medicaid in the United States?
Which act established Medicare and Medicaid in the United States?
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What was the primary focus of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964?
What was the primary focus of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964?
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What pivotal legislation prohibited discrimination based on several factors, including race and sex?
What pivotal legislation prohibited discrimination based on several factors, including race and sex?
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What issue did Betty Friedan's book 'The Feminine Mystique' primarily address?
What issue did Betty Friedan's book 'The Feminine Mystique' primarily address?
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Which movement was fueled by ongoing systemic discrimination against African Americans during the 1960s?
Which movement was fueled by ongoing systemic discrimination against African Americans during the 1960s?
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Which of the following characterized the second wave of feminism in the 1960s-1970s?
Which of the following characterized the second wave of feminism in the 1960s-1970s?
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How did the Vietnam War impact American society in the 1960s?
How did the Vietnam War impact American society in the 1960s?
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What was one of the main goals of the Peace Movement?
What was one of the main goals of the Peace Movement?
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Which group was NOT a key player in the Peace Movement?
Which group was NOT a key player in the Peace Movement?
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What event sparked the Gay Liberation Movement in the U.S.?
What event sparked the Gay Liberation Movement in the U.S.?
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What was a significant demand made by activists during the Wounded Knee occupation in 1973?
What was a significant demand made by activists during the Wounded Knee occupation in 1973?
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What key figure co-founded the Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries (STAR)?
What key figure co-founded the Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries (STAR)?
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Which phrase was inspired by civil rights advocacy and is associated with the Gay Rights Movement?
Which phrase was inspired by civil rights advocacy and is associated with the Gay Rights Movement?
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Which event is associated with the symbol of the 1890 Wounded Knee Massacre?
Which event is associated with the symbol of the 1890 Wounded Knee Massacre?
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What characterized the 1970s in relation to civil rights movements?
What characterized the 1970s in relation to civil rights movements?
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Study Notes
20th Century American History - Week 6: The 1960s (Part 1): Protest in the Great Society
- Leader: President Lyndon B. Johnson (elected 1964, succeeding JFK)
- Vision: Promote abundance for all Americans and end discrimination to achieve equal rights and justice, regardless of race or sex.
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Key Reforms:
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Social Security Act of 1965:
- Medicare: Health insurance for the elderly.
- Medicaid: Health insurance for low-income individuals.
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Civil Rights Act of 1964:
- Prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
- A pivotal moment in the fight for equality and justice.
- Economic Opportunity Act of 1964: Established the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO), overseeing community-based poverty alleviation programs focusing on education, job training, and community development.
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Extension of the New Deal's "Three Rs":
- Relief: Assistance for the poor.
- Recovery: Economic rejuvenation.
- Reform: Structural financial system improvements.
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Social Security Act of 1965:
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Challenges and Backlash:
- Vietnam War: Escalating militarization under Johnson, rising antiwar sentiment, and societal polarization.
- Civil Rights Struggles: Continued systemic discrimination against African Americans, fueling movements like Black Power.
Women's Rights Movement (Second Wave Feminism)
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Historical Context:
- First Wave (1920s): Focused on women's suffrage, culminating in the 19th Amendment (1920).
- Second Wave (1960s-1970s): Focused on broader equality, workplace rights, and societal roles.
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Key Figure: Betty Friedan:
- 1943: "Men, there's a revolution brewing in the American kitchen."
- 1963: Published The Feminine Mystique, exposing women's dissatisfaction with limited societal roles.
- Influenced by Simone de Beauvoir’s The Second Sex.
- 1966: Co-founded the National Organization for Women (NOW) advocating for legal and workplace equality, reproductive rights, and anti-discrimination policies.
- Social Tensions: Widening gap between the rich and poor, minority group rights issues and growing discontent with the Vietnam War.
- Cultural Shift: Rise of teenagers, baby boomer generation, Rock 'n Roll and pop music, and counterculture.
The March on Washington (August 28, 1963)
- Organized by: A. Philip Randolph, with major leaders Martin Luther King Jr. (MLK) and Roy Wilkins (NAACP) and John Lewis (SNCC).
- Goals: Push for passage of Civil Rights Act of 1964, end all discrimination in employment, education, and public life.
- Significance: Nationally televised, amplifying its impact. Symbolically traced the march from the Washington Monument to the Lincoln Memorial.
- Criticism: Malcolm X called the march "too pacifist", highlighting tensions within the civil rights movement.
Key Black Organizations in the Civil Rights Movement
- NAACP (1909): Leaders: W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells, Roy Wilkins. Focus: Legal battles against segregation and discrimination.
- SNCC (1960): Advocated for nonviolent resistance and grassroots organizing, played a major role in sit-ins, freedom rides, and voter registration drives.
Yippies (Youth International Party)
- Who: A countercultural and antiwar group.
- Beliefs: Opposed the Vietnam War, advocated against sexual repression and cultural norms, promoted radical and theatrical protests to challenge societal norms.
Black Power Movement
- Key Idea: Shifting from integration-focused civil rights activism to emphasizing self-determination, pride, and empowerment for Black Americans.
- Influences: Malcolm X (Pan-Africanism, socialism, and the term "Black"), and Stokely Carmichael ("Black Power").
- Timeline: June 6, 1966: James Meredith's march for voting rights, followed by his shooting and the increased awareness of police brutality. October 1966: Founding of the Black Panther Party by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale. Focus: Black consciousness, pride, and activism with community programs (e.g., free breakfasts for children) while confronting police brutality directly.
The Peace Movement
- Context: Opposition to the Vietnam War and nuclear weapons, advocating for nonviolence and social justice.
- Key Groups: Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW), Hippie Movement, Weather Underground Organization.
Wounded Knee (1973)
- Location: Wounded Knee, South Dakota.
- Inspiration: Inspired by the Black Panther Party's confrontational tactics.
- Event: February 27, 1973: Activists from the American Indian Movement (AIM) occupied Wounded Knee.
- Demands: Removal of Richard Wilson (tribal president) accused of corruption and government respect for treaties with Native Americans.
- Significance: Symbolism referenced the 1890 Wounded Knee Massacre and casualties included two FBI agents and one Native American.
Stonewall Riots (1969)
- What: Took place at Stonewall Inn in NYC, a mafia-owned gay bar, on June 28, 1969. Police raid led to violence and protests against discriminatory treatment of LGBTQ+ community.
- Key Figure: Marsha P. Johnson, co-founded Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries (STAR) supporting homeless LGBTQ+ youth and worked with ACT UP and Gay Liberation Front.
1970s Crises -A Period of Disorder and Change
- Key Characteristics: Marked by protests, riots, cultural upheaval (civil rights and counterculture movements), particularly against the Vietnam War.
- Assassination of key figures: Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy.
Nixon and the Vietnam War
- Policy: Vietnamization- transfer of combat roles to the South Vietnamese forces. Escalated bombings in North Vietnam and expanded operations into Cambodia.
- Consequences: By 1972 only 27,000 U.S. troops remained in Vietnam. Ended in 1973 with War Powers Act.
Nixon Doctrine (1969-1974)
- Key Policy: U.S. would support allies with money and resources but avoid direct military involvement.
Watergate Scandal
- Events: June 17, 1972: Burglars linked to Nixon's reelection committee broke into the Democratic National Committee headquarters.
- Outcome: Nixon resigned on August 8, 1974, becoming the first U.S. president to do so, following revelations of his involvement in covering up the break-in and facing impeachment.
Sun Belt vs. Rust Belt
- Sun Belt: Southern U.S.; Growth due to WWII-era military industries and new farming technologies; Most populated region and significant electoral influence.
- Rust Belt: Northeastern and Midwestern U.S. Declined with the collapse of industrial jobs.
OPEC and the 1973 Oil Crisis
- What is OPEC: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.
- Crisis: Imposed an oil embargo on nations supporting Israel during the Yom Kippur War (Syria, Jordan, Egypt vs. Israel) causing significant energy shortages.
- Impact: reevaluation of the U.S.'s global superpower status.
Gender, Family, and Ethnic Wars
- Milestones: 1967: Interracial marriage legalized nationwide (Loving v. Virginia), 1973: Roe v. Wade secured the right to abortion, Title VII (1964 Civil Rights Act) banned employment discrimination, 1973: Homosexuality no longer classified as mental illness by the American Psychiatric Association.
- Opposition: Anti-ERA and Evangelical Christian groups.
Crisis of Confidence
- Jimmy Carter's Speech (July 15, 1979): Addressed energy crisis and American disillusionment with government in "Malaise Speech."
- Reagan's Response: Critical of Carter's pessimism and framing himself as a champion of hope and renewal.
1980 Presidential Election
- Candidates: Jimmy Carter (Democrat) and Ronald Reagan (Republican).
- Outcome: Reagan's landslide victory marked the resurgence of conservatism.
Business Lobbies and Think Tanks
- Examples: Heritage Foundation, National Association of Manufacturers, Neoconservatism.
Neoliberalism
- Definition: Economic philosophy tied to Reagan and Thatcher, emphasizing privatization, tax cuts, and deregulation.
Pat Buchanan and the 1990s "Culture Wars"
- Political Orientation: Conservative commentator
- Key Themes: Economic Reaganomics, cultural divisions, conservative dominance in political policies and social issues.
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Description
Explore the transformative decade of the 1960s during President Lyndon B. Johnson's leadership. This quiz covers key reforms aimed at promoting equality and justice, including landmark legislation like the Social Security Act and the Civil Rights Act. Test your knowledge on the Great Society and its impact on American society.
