Class Tests Q's

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Characteristic(process) of drug metabolic conjugates usually include(s):

Increased biological activity (correct)

Reduction in ease of excretion

Reduced Drug polarity

None of the above (correct)

Grapefruit and grapefruit juice are thought to:

Inhibit CYP3A4 (correct)

Induce CYP2D6

Induce CYP3A4

Inhibit CYP2D6

Concerning the cytochrome P450 superfamily:

Both (correct)

None

Each enzyme contains a haem moiety noncovalently attached to a polypeptide chain

Cytochrome P450 mediated metabolism involves the consumption of a least one molecule of oxygen and production of water and oxidized substrate

A "base" is a substance capable of yielding a proton (H+).

False Signup and view all the answers

____________is the study of how an individual’s genetic inheritance affects the body’s response to drugs.

Pharmacogenomics Signup and view all the answers

Characteristic(s) of enantiomers

both Signup and view all the answers

Competitive inhibition:

with competitive inhibition , the dose effect curve is shifted to the right. Signup and view all the answers

The EC50 refers to the drug concentration at which

one half of the maximum response is achieved Signup and view all the answers

Structure that has some activity against the chosen target, but not yet good enough to be the drug itself

Lead compound Signup and view all the answers

A constituent of St. John's wort, hyperforin, is an activator of the PXR receptor (pregnane X receptor). As a result:

Both Signup and view all the answers

Typically, the magnitude of drug effects is thought proportional to the number of occupied receptors:

True Signup and view all the answers

Tissue reservoirs can become sites for accumulation and slow release of drugs/toxins. Name two tissue reservoirs and examples of agents that may accumulate there.

Bone - Lead Adipose - Thentipol Signup and view all the answers

Name the four types of drug receptors?

Ligating Ion Channels G-Coupled Protein channels Kinase Linked receptors Nuclear receptors Signup and view all the answers

Example(s) of major plasma proteins important for drug binding

All of above Signup and view all the answers

Characteristic processes of drug metabolic conjugates usually include:

None of the alternatives Signup and view all the answers

Describe first order kinetics of drug elimination

First order kinetics is the way most drugs are eliminated In first order kinetics the half life is constant and the rate of elimination depends on the amount of drug in the body Signup and view all the answers

The study of the time course of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion is called

Pharmacokinetics Signup and view all the answers

The structural features directly responsible for activity

Pharmacophore Signup and view all the answers

Which one(s) of the following statements concerning G protein Coupled Receptors (GCPRs) is/are correct?

All of above Signup and view all the answers

Metabolites generated by phase I drug biotransformation may exhibit

Reduced drug activity Signup and view all the answers

Name two of the four broad categories of the genes used in pharmacogenomics

Genes that predispose for toxicologic effects Genes associated with pk Signup and view all the answers

Individuals lacking CYP2D6 activity (poor metabolizers, PM) suffer from

Poor analgesia from codeine Signup and view all the answers

SLC2A2 encodes the facilitated glucose transporter

GLUT2 Signup and view all the answers

Flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) represent another group (superfamily) of phase I enzymes

Neither Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of 2 Type A (augmented) adverse drug reactions (ADR)

haemorrhage with anticoagulants respiratory depression with opioids Signup and view all the answers

Which of these anti-diabetic drugs works by increasing endogenous incretin (GLP-1, GIP) concentrations by inhibiting their degradation?

DPP-4 inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

Bisphosphonate drugs are used to treat

Oesteroperosis Signup and view all the answers

A drug that specifically dilates veins will result in…

increase in preload Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following inflammatory cells are found in excessive numbers in the lungs of asthma patients?

Eoisinphills Signup and view all the answers

Salbutamol is a first line treatment option for asthma in the UK. Which receptor does this drug activate in the lungs of asthmatic patients?

B2 Signup and view all the answers

Beta-blockers are used for the treatment of angina because they:

reduce heart rate and prolong diastole Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a drug used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism

Thyroxine Signup and view all the answers

Genital herpes simplex infection would be treated using

aciclovir cream Signup and view all the answers

In two or three sentences detail the cell signalling processes that occur following binding of a glucocorticoid to its receptor

alter gene expression (usually decreasing pro-inflammatory genes) induce the transcription of several anti-inflammatory proteins also induce apoptosis in a no. of inflammatory cells Signup and view all the answers

Psychomotor stimulant drugs such as amphetamines are used to treat which TWO disorders?

ADHD Narcolepsy Signup and view all the answers

Which of these drugs is used to induce ovulation in treating fertility?

Clomiphene Signup and view all the answers

Theophylline can sometimes be used as an alternative treatment in the management of respiratory disorders. State two pharmacological actions of theophylline

block the adenosine receptor relax smooth muslce Signup and view all the answers

False Signup and view all the answers

Define the term preload

the amount of stretch in the heart's sarcomeres before it contracts Signup and view all the answers

Which of these hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary?

Oxytocin Signup and view all the answers

Describe the two main strategies that are used to limit incidence of serious adverse effects with gluccorticoid therapy in asthmatic patients

Minimize the daily dose, number of daily doses Stop drinking and smoking Signup and view all the answers

Disulfiram is used to treat alcoholism, what is its mechanism of action?

inhibits aldehyde dehydrongonase causes a build up of aldehyde making the user feel nausus Signup and view all the answers

Patients taking glucocorticoids should be monitored for evidence of which of the following?

Urinary retention Signup and view all the answers

Which of the anti-rheumatoid drugs is a monoclonal antibody

Basiliximab Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors facilitates drugs diffusion fairly freely across the BBB (blood brain barrier )?

lipophilicity Signup and view all the answers

GABAB receptor is a

GPCR Signup and view all the answers

Which of these drugs is a COX-2 specific NSAID?

Celecoxib Signup and view all the answers

NANC mediators are important in the regulation of the respiratory system and progression towards asthma. What does the acronym NANC stand for, and name one stimulatory and one inhibitory NANC mediator

Non-andregenic Non-cholergenic Substance P like peptide Nitric oxide Signup and view all the answers

Which of these drugs would be used to treat gout?

Allopurinol Signup and view all the answers

Giving examples, what are the three types of diuretic drugs?

Loop - Furosemide Thiazide - Metolazone Potassium sparing - Almoride Signup and view all the answers

Which of these drugs is a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant drug?

fluoxetine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following classes of drugs are NOT available via the inhalation route for the treatment of asthma?

Muscarinic receptor antagonists Signup and view all the answers

How is cardiac output calculated?

Heart rate X Stroke Volume Signup and view all the answers