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Which division of the nervous system consists of autonomic neurons that conduct impulses from the central nervous system to glands, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle?
Which division of the nervous system consists of autonomic neurons that conduct impulses from the central nervous system to glands, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle?
What are neurotransmitters?
What are neurotransmitters?
Which type of neurotransmitter encourages a target cell to take action?
Which type of neurotransmitter encourages a target cell to take action?
What is the main function of inhibitory neurotransmitters?
What is the main function of inhibitory neurotransmitters?
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What is the role of the autonomic nervous system in maintaining internal homeostasis?
What is the role of the autonomic nervous system in maintaining internal homeostasis?
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Which division of the nervous system is responsible for regulating hormone secretion from glands?
Which division of the nervous system is responsible for regulating hormone secretion from glands?
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Which of the following medications is primarily used to support the heart during cardiac failure or shock?
Which of the following medications is primarily used to support the heart during cardiac failure or shock?
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Which of the following medications has both dopaminergic, B1, and A1 effects?
Which of the following medications has both dopaminergic, B1, and A1 effects?
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Which medication primarily stimulates α-adrenergic receptors and causes vasoconstriction?
Which medication primarily stimulates α-adrenergic receptors and causes vasoconstriction?
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Which medication is a selective vasoactive β1-adrenergic drug that increases cardiac output by increasing contractility?
Which medication is a selective vasoactive β1-adrenergic drug that increases cardiac output by increasing contractility?
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Which medication works almost exclusively on α-adrenergic receptors and is used for short-term treatment to raise blood pressure in patients who are in shock?
Which medication works almost exclusively on α-adrenergic receptors and is used for short-term treatment to raise blood pressure in patients who are in shock?
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Which of the following is a contraindication for using adrenergic-blocking drugs?
Which of the following is a contraindication for using adrenergic-blocking drugs?
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Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for A-Blockers?
Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for A-Blockers?
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Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of B-Blockers?
Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of B-Blockers?
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Which type of B-Blockers constrict bronchioles and can result in narrowing of airways and shortness of breath?
Which type of B-Blockers constrict bronchioles and can result in narrowing of airways and shortness of breath?
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Which of the following is NOT an indication for B-Blockers?
Which of the following is NOT an indication for B-Blockers?
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Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of cholinergic agonists?
Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of cholinergic agonists?
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Which type of cholinergic receptors are located in the ganglia where presynaptic and postsynaptic nerve fibers meet?
Which type of cholinergic receptors are located in the ganglia where presynaptic and postsynaptic nerve fibers meet?
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Which receptors are activated by the sympathetic nervous system neurotransmitters?
Which receptors are activated by the sympathetic nervous system neurotransmitters?
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What is the function of a1-adrenergic receptors?
What is the function of a1-adrenergic receptors?
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What is the function of B2-adrenergic receptors?
What is the function of B2-adrenergic receptors?
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Which receptors are stimulated by sympathomimetic drugs?
Which receptors are stimulated by sympathomimetic drugs?
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What is the difference between direct-acting and indirect-acting sympathomimetic drugs?
What is the difference between direct-acting and indirect-acting sympathomimetic drugs?
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What is the indication for the use of bronchodilators?
What is the indication for the use of bronchodilators?
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Which medication is used to enhance memory and learning capabilities in patients with Alzheimer's disease?
Which medication is used to enhance memory and learning capabilities in patients with Alzheimer's disease?
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Which medication is a cholinergic antagonist?
Which medication is a cholinergic antagonist?
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Which medication is used to treat parkinson's disease by decreasing muscle rigidity and tremors?
Which medication is used to treat parkinson's disease by decreasing muscle rigidity and tremors?
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Which medication is used to prevent motion sickness?
Which medication is used to prevent motion sickness?
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Which medication is used to reduce salivation and excessive secretions in the respiratory and GI tract?
Which medication is used to reduce salivation and excessive secretions in the respiratory and GI tract?
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Which medication is used for overactive bladder and as an antispasmodic for neurogenic bladder?
Which medication is used for overactive bladder and as an antispasmodic for neurogenic bladder?
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Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of Donepezil (Aricept) in Alzheimer's disease?
Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of Donepezil (Aricept) in Alzheimer's disease?
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Which of the following is an adverse effect of Donepezil (Aricept)?
Which of the following is an adverse effect of Donepezil (Aricept)?
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Which of the following is a nursing implication for the use of cholinergic blocking drugs?
Which of the following is a nursing implication for the use of cholinergic blocking drugs?
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Which of the following is a therapeutic effect of anti-Alzheimer's drugs like Donepezil (Aricept)?
Which of the following is a therapeutic effect of anti-Alzheimer's drugs like Donepezil (Aricept)?
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Which of the following is an indication for the use of anticholinergic drugs?
Which of the following is an indication for the use of anticholinergic drugs?
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Which of the following is an adverse effect of anticholinergic drugs?
Which of the following is an adverse effect of anticholinergic drugs?
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Study Notes
Autonomic Nervous System
- The autonomic nervous system consists of autonomic neurons that conduct impulses from the central nervous system to glands, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle.
Neurotransmitters
- Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit signals from one neuron to another.
- Excitatory neurotransmitters encourage a target cell to take action.
- Inhibitory neurotransmitters reduce the activity of the target cell.
Autonomic Nervous System
- The autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in maintaining internal homeostasis.
- The autonomic nervous system regulates hormone secretion from glands.
Medications
- Dobutamine is primarily used to support the heart during cardiac failure or shock.
- Dopamine has both dopaminergic, B1, and A1 effects.
- Vasopressin primarily stimulates α-adrenergic receptors and causes vasoconstriction.
- Dobutamine is a selective vasoactive β1-adrenergic drug that increases cardiac output by increasing contractility.
- Phenylephrine works almost exclusively on α-adrenergic receptors and is used for short-term treatment to raise blood pressure in patients who are in shock.
Contraindications and Adverse Effects
- Uncontrolled hypertension is a contraindication for using adrenergic-blocking drugs.
- Bronchial asthma is not a contraindication for A-Blockers.
- B-Blockers can cause bronchospasm as a potential adverse effect.
- Non-selective B-Blockers constrict bronchioles and can result in narrowing of airways and shortness of breath.
- Hypertension is not an indication for B-Blockers.
- Excessive salivation is a potential adverse effect of cholinergic agonists.
Cholinergic Receptors
- Nicotinic cholinergic receptors are located in the ganglia where presynaptic and postsynaptic nerve fibers meet.
- Muscarinic receptors are activated by the parasympathetic nervous system neurotransmitters.
- α1-adrenergic receptors cause vasoconstriction.
- β2-adrenergic receptors cause smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation.
- Sympathomimetic drugs stimulate α- and β-adrenergic receptors.
Direct- and Indirect-Acting Sympathomimetic Drugs
- Direct-acting sympathomimetic drugs act directly on receptors.
- Indirect-acting sympathomimetic drugs release stored neurotransmitters from nerve terminals.
Indications and Contraindications
- Bronchodilators are used to treat bronchospasm.
- Donepezil (Aricept) is used to enhance memory and learning capabilities in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
- Atropine is a cholinergic antagonist.
- Levodopa is used to treat Parkinson's disease by decreasing muscle rigidity and tremors.
- Scopolamine is used to prevent motion sickness.
- Atropine is used to reduce salivation and excessive secretions in the respiratory and GI tract.
- Oxybutynin is used to treat overactive bladder and as an antispasmodic for neurogenic bladder.
Contraindications and Adverse Effects
- Severe liver disease is a contraindication for the use of Donepezil (Aricept) in Alzheimer's disease.
- Nausea is an adverse effect of Donepezil (Aricept).
- Monitoring for anticholinergic effects is a nursing implication for the use of cholinergic blocking drugs.
- Improved cognitive function is a therapeutic effect of anti-Alzheimer's drugs like Donepezil (Aricept).
- Urinary retention is an indication for the use of anticholinergic drugs.
- Dry mouth is an adverse effect of anticholinergic drugs.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Dipivefrin Hydrochloride, a medication used to support the heart during cardiac failure or shock. Learn about its effects on a- and B- receptors, vasoconstriction, and its classification as inotropes, chronotropes, and dromotropes. Explore examples such as Epinephrine and Norepinephrine.
