19th Century Philippine Economy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Zamora was the last person to be executed using the garrote.

False (B)

Burgos fought off the guards during his execution by punching three priests.

True (A)

The Jesuits informed Burgos that Jesus had committed crimes deserving of punishment.

False (B)

After the GomBurZa execution, the crowd celebrated the event.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rizal was present at Bagumbayan during the execution of Padre Burgos.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Paciano Rizal was the elder brother who witnessed the death of Padre Burgos.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Ilustrados emerged as a response to the rise of the economic middle class in the 19th century.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Francisco Rizal Mercado was Jose Rizal's mother.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rizal raised his left hand before his execution.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 1896 Revolution spread to various areas including Cavite and Laguna.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The commanding officer used a whip to signal the firing squad.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rizal's fallen body faced towards the sky after being shot.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A small dog appeared while the execution was taking place.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Emilio Aguinaldo was a local leader during the initial phase of the 1896 Revolution.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Spanish authorities did not take any action to quell the revolution.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The talk among comrades was about a dog that was present during Rizal's execution.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rizal believed that history was unimportant to nationalism.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Noli Me Tangere is considered a guide for nationalism.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

El Filibusterismo was completed in Paris in 1891.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rizal attacked the system that combined the church and state.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rizal's school in Dapitan primarily focused on the arts rather than science.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rizal's attitude towards the Catholic Church was strictly anti-Catholicism.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rizal charged tuition fees for his school in Dapitan.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The title 'El Filibusterismo' refers to a charter for the future.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rizal criticized the vices of Filipinos in his literary works.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rizal was known as 'The German Doctor' because he had European patients.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rizal built a reservoir in Dapitan to improve the water system.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

El Filibusterismo was partially funded by Jose Rizal.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Juliana Gorricho was married at the age of 27.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Juan Luna was the first to court María de la Paz Pardo de Tavera.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The fishermen in Dapitan primarily used nets for fishing before Rizal's suggestion.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rizal provided his medical services for free to all patients, regardless of nationality.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term 'Ilustrado' refers to the 'unlearned' class during the 19th century in the Philippine context.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Secularization Movement aimed to provide equal rights for native-born priests to be parish priests.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Only secular priests were allowed to hold parishes according to Church Law.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Iloilo Railway was one of the transportation projects initiated by American authorities in the Philippines.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Filipinos were permitted to join the secular clergy due to the existing parish system held by regular clergy.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The British were not involved in the development of the railways in the Philippines.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Many heroes in Philippine history were both Tagalog and Kapwa Tagalog.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Ferrocarril de Manila a Dagupan was part of the establishment of mass transportation in the Philippines.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rizal's writings were made more complex and inaccessible by Bonifacio and Jacinto.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The assassination of railway figures during American rule greatly improved the economy.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rizal’s sisters played significant roles only in domestic spheres.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The initiation rites of Katipunan involved a pen, paper, knife, skull, and candle.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rizal was executed on December 26, 1896, due to the Spanish authorities' belief that he led an uprising.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The knife used in the Katipunan initiation rites was solely for writing.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Women in society during Rizal's time had no role in economic activities.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The emblems of Katipunan featured a portrait of Andres Bonifacio.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ilustrado

The 'enlightened' or 'learned' class in 19th-century Philippines.

Secularization Movement

A 19th-century movement for equal rights of native priests.

Canon law

Church law concerning priests and parishes.

Secular clergy

Native-born priests in the Philippines who sought to officiate in parishes.

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Regular clergy

Priestly orders focused on missions like education and charity.

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Ferrocarril de Manila a Dagupan

Train line connecting Manila and Dagupan.

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Transportation

The way people and goods moved around.

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Angeles Train Station

A train station that facilitated transportation of goods between Central Luzon and Manila.

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GomBurZa Execution

The execution of Filipino priests Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora by the Spanish colonial government.

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Zamora's Execution

Zamora, the second priest executed, died accidentally without a final statement.

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Burgos' Resistance

Burgos, the third priest executed, fought back against his executioners, surprising those watching.

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Jose Rizal's Presence

Jose Rizal was not at the execution of GomBurZa, he was in Calamba, Laguna.

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Spanish Reaction

After the execution, the Spaniards celebrated, while Filipinos showed silent dissent and left.

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Cavite Mutiny

A significant event leading to the Gomburza execution, contributing to the rise of Filipino nationalism.

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Impact on Nationalism

The GomBurza execution and Cavite Mutiny served as crucial catalysts for growing Filipino nationalism and the revolution.

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Noli Me Tangere

Rizal's first novel, considered a charter of nationalism, offering a critical analysis of Filipino society and colonial issues.

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El Filibusterismo

Rizal's second novel, a charter for the future, continuing the critique of the Philippines' societal ills and advocating for change.

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Sound Nationalism

Nationalism based on a thorough and honest assessment of the country's situation, rather than superficial or idealist views.

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Anti-Friar Sentiment in Noli

Rizal's criticism in Noli Me Tangere focused on the corrupt system intertwining the church and state, not on the Catholic Church itself.

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Noli as a Charter

Noli Me Tangere defined a blueprint for Philippine nationalism, providing both critique and insight.

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Rizal and Filipinos(Noli/Fili)

Rizal wrote about Filipino vices, recognizing Filipinos were part of the problems alongside the colonial system.

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El Filibusterismo focus

El Filibusterismo focused on proposing solutions and outlining a vision for a better future for the Philippines through a critique of injustices in the system.

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Rizal's Objectivity

Rizal's approach in his novels was focused on objective criticism of the societal problems prevalent in the Philippines, rather than general criticisms.

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Casa Redonda

An octagonal house in Dapitan where Rizal established a school.

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Rizal's School in Dapitan

A school run by Rizal in Dapitan, emphasizing science and teaching in a modern way.

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Juliana Gorricho

A wealthy woman from Dapitan who hosted Rizal and supported his work.

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Rizal's Clinic

A clinic run by Rizal in Dapitan where he treated patients, especially Europeans.

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Dapitan's Water System

An improved water system in Dapitan developed by Rizal.

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Fishing Techniques in Dapitan

Rizal taught fishermen in Dapitan how to use a net to catch more fish.

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Juan Luna

An artist who courted María de la Paz Pardo de Tavera, Juliana's daughter.

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María de la Paz Pardo de Tavera

Juliana Gorricho's daughter who married Juan Luna and later had a tragic fate.

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Tagalog Submission

The Filipinos' obedience to fellow Tagalogs, providing support and contributing to a sense of national unity.

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Rizal's Writings Impact

Rizal's works were made readily accessible to the masses through the efforts of Bonifacio and Jacinto, spreading his revolutionary ideas and inspiring Filipinos.

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Katipunan Initiation Rites

The Katipunan initiation involved a ceremony with specific objects and rituals, signifying a pledge of loyalty and commitment to the revolution.

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Rizal's Arrest and Execution

Rizal was arrested and executed by Spanish authorities, believed to be a leader of the revolution, despite his peaceful advocacy for reform.

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Katipunan's Goals

The Katipunan aimed to liberate the Philippines from Spanish rule through revolution, seeking independence and self-determination.

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Women's Role in Katipunan

Women actively contributed to the Katipunan, not limited to domestic spheres but involved in economic and social roles, demonstrating their influential roles in the revolution.

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Katipunan's Membership Levels

The Katipunan had different levels of membership, with varying degrees of commitment and access to information, forming a hierarchical structure.

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Oral Examination for Katipunan

New recruits to the Katipunan underwent an oral examination, testing their commitment and understanding of the organization's goals and ideology.

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Rizal's Execution

The execution of Jose Rizal by firing squad in 1896, a pivotal event in the Philippine Revolution.

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First 100 Days of the Revolution

The initial phase of the Philippine Revolution (1896) marked by widespread uprisings in various provinces.

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Emilio Aguinaldo's Role

A key leader of the Philippine Revolution, known for his leadership in Cavite and later as the President of the First Philippine Republic.

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Spanish Response to the Revolution

The Spanish colonial government's attempts to suppress the revolution through military force and harsh measures.

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Local Leaders in the Revolution

Leaders who emerged in different provinces during the revolution, such as Aguinaldo, Llanera, and Alejandrino.

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The Dog at Rizal's Execution

A symbolic incident where a dog appeared near Rizal's body after his execution, interpreted as a foreshadowing of misfortune.

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Intensifying Revolution

The escalating conflict between revolutionaries and Spanish authorities, leading to widespread violence and loss of life.

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Comrades' Interpretation

The reaction and interpretations of Rizal's comrades towards the dog appearing at his execution, connecting it with misfortune.

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Study Notes

19th Century Philippine Economy: A Century of Change

  • The 19th century saw significant shifts in the Philippine economy, moving away from a largely Spanish-controlled system.
  • The economy significantly influenced culture.
  • Industrial revolution and enlightenment ideas influenced the region.
  • International trade became more prominent due to changes internationally.
  • Philippine cash crops (e.g., cotton, abaca, coffee, tobacco, indigo, sugar) were 90% of export revenue by the 1840s.
  • Land ownership was largely held by the principalia.
  • Labor systems evolved, influenced by changing trade relationships (e.g., with England and America).
  • Spanish colonial control was not uniform throughout the region.
  • The economy saw a shift from local systems towards a more globalized trading hub.
  • There was significant population growth, driving expansion of settlements and land use.
  • Tenant farming and debt increased due to changes in land ownership patterns

Rise of Chinese Traders

  • Chinese traders played a crucial role in the economy, particularly in retail trade.
  • Chinese immigration increased due to internal turmoil in China.
  • Chinese traders and the Parian trading community were major players in the economy.
  • The Chinese were integral to the retail space in the Philippines

Economic Changes

  • Population growth from 837K (1783) to 3.815M (1850) pushed agricultural land expansion
  • Growth of tenancy increased dependence on landlords
  • Introduction of cash economy. The use of money became more common, and it supported new trading practices and systems and furthered local economies and trade.
  • Increase in domestic commerce (e.g., use of alternative packaging materials).
  • Growth of regional entrepreneurial elites who utilized modern methods of production.

Social Change in the 19th Century Philippines

  • Social transformation was linked to economic shifts.
  • Mobility (travel and migration) patterns occurred due to the evolving economy.
  • Filipinos' access to education and intellectual currents influenced broader societal changes.

The Changing Church: Secularization

  • The rise of the Intelligentsia contributed to the secularization issue, challenging the power and influence of the Catholic Church.
  • Filipino priests played a prominent role in nationalist movements and movements for secularization.
  • The Royal Patronage (patronato real) system played a role in shaping church-state relations in the Philippines.
  • The conflict was largely rooted in the disagreement regarding who controlled church appointments.

The Propaganda Movement and New Social Categories

  • The Propaganda Movement served as a powerful voice for reform and progress.
  • The rise of the Ilustrado class of educated Filipinos and their desire for reform are significant events.
  • The Ilustrado class was a critical component, with their desire for change and liberal views shaping ideas about government and society.
  • Jose Rizal was a significant figure promoting these changes through Noli Me Tangere and Filibusterismo movements.

Rizal and the Revolution

  • Jose Rizal played an important role in shaping the Philippine Revolution, with his writings and ideas pushing for more extensive national identity.
  • Rizal's execution served as a catalyst for further revolution.
  • The emergence of the Katipunan (KKK) represents a more radical shift towards armed revolution and independence, following the events in relation to Rizal's death and the general discontent of the Filipinos with the Spanish government.
  • The Katipunan's principles and societal impact (e.g., recruitment, internal organization, and their ideologies) shaped the movement.
  • The Katipunan contributed to the context and ideology of the Philippine Revolution.
  • Women played crucial roles in the movements, sometimes adopting new positions in the economy and society and pushing social bounds.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the significant changes in the Philippine economy during the 19th century. This quiz explores the shift from Spanish control, the impact of the industrial revolution, and the evolution of trade systems. Understand how cash crops and land ownership influenced economic growth and cultural changes in the region.

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