1960s Student Activism and Counter Culture

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Questions and Answers

What was the significance of the 14th Amendment?

It granted women the right to vote.

It prohibited voting rights based on color.

It provided equal protection under the law to all persons born in the U.S. (correct)

It abolished slavery.

Which Supreme Court case upheld the doctrine of 'separate but equal'?

Loving v. Virginia

Plessy v. Ferguson (correct)

Brown v. Board of Education

Roe v. Wade

Which movement aimed to provide food and support services in the Haight-Ashbury area during the 1960s?

Diggers (correct)

Students for a Democratic Society

Counter Culture

Black Panthers

What type of protests were commonly used by the African American civil rights movement in the southern U.S.?

Nonviolent protests Signup and view all the answers

What did the 19th Amendment achieve?

Granted women the right to vote Signup and view all the answers

What did Brown v. Board of Education establish?

Segregated public schools are unconstitutional. Signup and view all the answers

What was one outcome of the 24th Amendment?

It abolished poll taxes in federal elections. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following amendments lowered the voting age to 18?

26th Amendment Signup and view all the answers

What was the main goal of the March on Washington in 1963?

To advocate for racial harmony and economic equality Signup and view all the answers

Which movement is closely associated with Malcolm X and the concept of racial pride?

Black Power Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the voter registration drives in the 1960s?

To increase African American voter turnout and influence Signup and view all the answers

What slogan was prominently used by leaders during the Grape Boycott?

Sí, se puede! Signup and view all the answers

What did the termination policy aim to achieve regarding Native Americans?

To assimilate Native Americans into American society Signup and view all the answers

Which event helped to galvanize the American Indian Movement (AIM)?

Occupation of Alcatraz Signup and view all the answers

Which group's actions are closely related to addressing police brutality against Native Americans?

American Indian Movement Signup and view all the answers

What was a major consequence of the relocation program for Native Americans?

Loss of tribal cultural identity Signup and view all the answers

What did the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) achieve?

It declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional. Signup and view all the answers

Which civil rights action was initiated by the arrest of Rosa Parks?

Montgomery Bus Boycott Signup and view all the answers

What was the main goal of the Freedom Rides in 1961?

To challenge the non-enforcement of desegregation rulings. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Bill of Rights provide to U.S. citizens?

It guarantees essential rights and liberties. Signup and view all the answers

What doctrine was upheld by the Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) decision?

Separate but equal. Signup and view all the answers

What was a noticeable method used during the Civil Rights Movement involving occupying seats in restaurants?

Sit-in Signup and view all the answers

Which principle did the Declaration of Independence emphasize regarding rights?

All individuals are born with unalienable rights. Signup and view all the answers

Which event was a key protest against segregated seating on public transportation?

The Montgomery Bus Boycott. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

SDS (Students for a Democratic Society)

A key student activist movement in the U.S. during the 1960s representing the New Left.
Actively involved in the Free Speech Movement and opposed the Vietnam War.

Counter Culture: Hippies

Youth movement of the 1960s rejecting traditional societal norms.
Advocated for peace, love, and personal freedom, characterized by distinctive fashion and communal living.
Organized protests against the Vietnam War.

Diggers

Radical community-action group operating in San Francisco from 1966 to 1968.
Focused on providing free food, medical care, and community support.
Known for their street theater performances as a form of activism.

Constitutional Amendments Expanding Civil Rights

13th Amendment (1865): Abolished slavery.
14th Amendment (1868): Granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to all born or naturalized in the U.S.
15th Amendment (1870): Prohibited voting rights denial based on race.
19th Amendment (1920): Granted women the right to vote.
24th Amendment (1964): Eliminated poll taxes in federal elections.
26th Amendment (1971): Lowered voting age from 21 to 18.

Legal Framework for Segregation and Desegregation

Segregation justified by Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), upholding "separate but equal" doctrine.
Desegregation efforts began with Brown v. Board of Education (1954), ruling segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

Forms of Activism in the African American Civil Rights Movement

Nonviolent protests included sit-ins, freedom rides, and marches, exemplified by the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the March on Washington.
Legal challenges pursued through organizations like the NAACP led to landmark cases like Brown v. Board of Education.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Civil rights protest initiated in 1955 by Rosa Parks' arrest, refusing to ride segregated buses in Montgomery, Alabama.
Led by Martin Luther King Jr. and resulted in a Supreme Court ruling against segregated bus laws.

Sit-in Protests

Occupation of segregated spaces, notably the Greensboro sit-ins in 1960 at Woolworth's lunch counters, demanding service.

Freedom Rides

Civil rights activists rode interstate buses into segregated Southern states in 1961 to challenge non-enforcement of Supreme Court decisions on bus segregation.

March on Washington

A major 1963 protest advocating for jobs and freedom, highlighted by Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech emphasizing racial harmony and economic equality.

Voter Registration Drives

Civil rights organizations focused on registering African American voters in the Southern states during the 1960s.
Faced significant violence but were instrumental in increasing black voter participation.

Black Power Movement

Advocated for racial pride, economic self-sufficiency, and political representation for African Americans.
Key figures included Malcolm X and organizations like the Black Panther Party.

Grape Boycott (1965-1970)

A labor strike organized by the United Farm Workers against California grape growers for better wages and conditions.
Leaders like Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta popularized the slogan "Sí, se puede!" for empowerment.

Termination Policy

U.S. government initiative from the 1940s to the 1960s aimed at assimilating Native Americans and abolishing tribal sovereignty.

Relocation Program

Encouraged Native Americans to leave reservations for urban job opportunities, part of efforts to terminate tribal sovereignty.

Occupation of Alcatraz (1969-1971)

Protest by Native American activists demanding the return of unused federal land, significantly influencing the American Indian Movement (AIM).

American Indian Movement (AIM)

Founded in 1968 to advocate for Native American rights, addressing sovereignty, treaty rights, and police brutality.
Notable actions included the 1973 occupation of Wounded Knee.

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Description

Explore the key movements of the 1960s, including SDS, the counterculture of the hippies, and the Diggers. This quiz examines their impact on society, their opposition to the Vietnam War, and their advocacy for social change. Test your knowledge of this transformative era in American history.