1960 Presidential Election and President Kennedy's Policies
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Questions and Answers

What was the main purpose of Kennedy's 'flexible response' policy?

  • To promote peace and disarmament worldwide
  • To enable the military to fight various types of battles (correct)
  • To strengthen economic ties with other nations
  • To focus solely on preventing the spread of communism
  • What was the outcome of the Bay of Pigs invasion?

  • Most of the invaders were killed or captured (correct)
  • Castro was overthrown and fled the country
  • The invasion successfully removed the Soviet influence from Cuba
  • The Cuban exiles gained control of the government
  • What led to the construction of the Berlin Wall?

  • Cuba's alliance with the Soviet Union
  • Khrushchev demanded that Kennedy withdraw from East Berlin
  • A failed attempt to overthrow Castro in Cuba
  • Kennedy refused to remove American troops from West Berlin (correct)
  • What caused the Cuban missile crisis?

    <p>Soviets building nuclear missile sites in Cuba within striking distance of US cities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of installing a 'hot line' between Moscow and Washington, D.C.?

    <p>To improve communication between the two capitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which economic theory did Kennedy accept to stimulate the economy?

    <p>Keynesian economics advocating deficit spending</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the goal set by Kennedy for the government's space program?

    <p>To land a man on the moon in less than 10 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main focus of Kennedy's presidency early on?

    <p>Foreign affairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event inspired the installation of the 'hot line' between Moscow and Washington, D.C.?

    <p>The missile crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Kennedy's stance on civil rights as his presidency progressed?

    <p>He realized that African Americans needed federal protection for their rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Flexible Response Policy

    • Aimed to provide the U.S. with a range of military options, avoiding reliance on nuclear weapons alone.
    • Intended to meet different levels of conflict, from conventional warfare to counterinsurgency.

    Bay of Pigs Invasion Outcome

    • A failed attempt by U.S.-backed Cuban exiles to overthrow Fidel Castro's regime in 1961.
    • Resulted in significant embarrassment for the Kennedy administration and strengthened Castro's position.

    Construction of the Berlin Wall

    • Erected in 1961 to prevent East Germans from fleeing to West Berlin.
    • Symbolized the Cold War divide between East and West, highlighting tensions between communist and democratic ideologies.

    Cuban Missile Crisis Causes

    • Culminated from the U.S. discovery of Soviet nuclear missiles stationed in Cuba in 1962.
    • Fueled by Cold War tensions and the desire of the Soviet Union to protect its Cuban ally.

    Purpose of the 'Hot Line'

    • Established in 1963 to allow direct communication between the leaders of the U.S. and the Soviet Union.
    • Aimed to prevent misunderstandings and reduce the risk of nuclear conflict during crises.

    Economic Theory Accepted by Kennedy

    • Keynesian economics was adopted to stimulate economic growth.
    • Focused on increased government spending and tax cuts to encourage consumer demand.

    Goal for the Space Program

    • Set the ambitious target of landing a man on the Moon by the end of the 1960s.
    • Aimed to demonstrate U.S. technological superiority during the Space Race against the Soviet Union.

    Main Focus Early in Presidency

    • Concentrated on foreign policy issues, notably the Cold War and containment strategies.
    • Faced immediate challenges, including tensions in Cuba and the Berlin crisis.

    Inspiration for the 'Hot Line'

    • Sponsored by the Cuban Missile Crisis, where the threat of nuclear confrontation emphasized the need for improved communication.
    • Aimed to avoid future escalations similar to the 1962 crisis.

    Kennedy's Stance on Civil Rights

    • Initially cautious, but increasingly supportive of civil rights as his presidency progressed.
    • Became more involved in advocating for civil rights legislation and addressing racial injustices in the U.S.

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    Test your knowledge about the 1960 presidential election and President Kennedy's policies, including his stance on the military, foreign relations, and the establishment of the Peace Corps.

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