1960-1970 Computer Graphics Companies Quiz

Years 1960-1970 - Companies, Technology, and Community

• Key Companies: Multiple organizations emerged during this era, significantly contributing to the growth of computer graphics (CGI).
  • Information International, Inc. (Triple-I): Established in Culver City, California in 1962, Triple-I played a pivotal role in pioneering technology to bridge the gap between digital and analog image transfer, introducing early models of the DFP (Digital Film Printer) in the late 1970s.
  • Mathematical Applications Group, Inc. (MAGI): Founded in Elmsford, New York in 1966, MAGI led the development of early 3D modeling software.
  • Evans & Sutherland: Established in Salt Lake City, Utah in 1968, Evans & Sutherland made substantial contributions to real-time computer-generated imagery, initially focused on military applications.
  • Robert Abel & Associates: Founded in Hollywood, California in 1971, this company became a prominent producer of computer graphics in the United States.
  • Digital Effects: Established in New York City in 1978, Digital Effects is renowned for its contributions to CGI, particularly its creative use of “flying logos.”
  • Digital Productions: Founded in Los Angeles in 1982, Digital Productions exemplified the prevalent misconception of hardware superiority over software during this period.
• Technological Advancements
  • Microprocessor Development: The Intel 4004 microprocessor, released in 1971, represented a significant milestone in advancing the capabilities of microcomputers.
  • Microcomputers and Kits
    • Imlac PDS-1: Introduced in 1970, the Imlac PDS-1 facilitated the development of early computer games like "Maze War."
    • Altair 8800: Released in 1975, the Altair 8800 was instrumental in the development of the "Kill The Bit" video game.
    • Imsai 8080: Introduced in 1975, the Imsai 8080 is notably featured in the 1983 film "WarGames."
    • KIM-1: Released in 1975, the KIM-1 was one of the earliest microcomputers to come equipped with a microprocessor, contributing to the advancement of computer technology.
    • Apple I: Released in 1976, the Apple I marked another significant step in the evolution of personal computers.
  • Home Computers
    • Honeywell Kitchen Computer: While not technically a consumer-oriented home computer, this 1969 release symbolized the emerging idea of a home computer platform.
    • Commodore PET: Released in 1977, the Commodore PET was one of the first commercially successful personal computers, notable for incorporating a keyboard, monitor, and cassette drive.
    • Commodore VIC-20: Released in 1980, the Commodore VIC-20 followed the success of the PET and offered affordable access to home computing for a wider audience.
    • Commodore 64: Launched in 1982, the Commodore 64 became one of the most popular home computers of its time, widely associated with its impressive graphics capabilities.
    • IBM PC: Introduced in 1981, the IBM PC significantly impacted the computer industry, becoming the standard for personal computing and paving the way for the widespread adoption of computer technology.
• Growth of the CGI Community
  • Key Organizations: The CGI industry began to develop a strong community, with organizations like the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and SIGGRAPH (Special Interest Group on Graphics) emerging as centers for collaboration and knowledge sharing.
  • Publications and Events: Publications like "Computer Graphics World" and prominent events like the SIGGRAPH conference further facilitated the growth and dissemination of knowledge within the rapidly evolving CGI community.
  • Early CGI Games: Video games, such as "Mystery House" (On-Line Systems, 1980), quickly emerged as a means of public engagement with computer graphics, particularly fueled by the wide adoption of the Apple II (1977) among hobbyists and game developers.

Summary of Key Trends in late 1970s

• Technological Advancement: Computers were becoming more powerful and affordable to manufacture and maintain.
• Rise of the Personal Computer: The introduction of the IBM PC significantly spurred the personal computer market and ushered in a new era of computing.
• Growing Computer Industry: The rising affordability of computers led to a surge in both production and adoption within the computer industry.
• Increased Public Exposure to Computer Graphics: The emergence of computer-generated images in televised advertising and popular arcade games normalized public interaction with graphics generated by computers.
• Financial Barriers for Home CGI: Despite advancements, access to high-end CGI systems and peripherals remained cost-prohibitive for home users.

Test your knowledge on the key companies that shaped the landscape of computer graphics during the 1960s and 1970s. This quiz covers important organizations such as Triple-I, MAGI, Evans & Sutherland, and Robert Abel & Associates, exploring their contributions to technology and community. See how much you know about this transformative era in technology!