1950s American Century Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'American Century' refer to?

A time following World War II when America was confident in its growing power.

Who was Henry Luce?

Publisher of Time, Life, and Fortune magazines.

What is the Bretton Woods Agreement?

An international financial agreement that created the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.

What is business consolidation?

<p>When one company buys all the stock of another company and continues to acquire its competitors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are blue collar workers?

<p>Members of the working class who perform manual labor and earn lower wages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are white collar workers?

<p>Workers in technical and management jobs who earn higher wages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are pink collar jobs?

<p>Jobs traditionally filled by women in service occupations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Michael Harrington?

<p>An author who wrote 'The Other American' exposing poverty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does consumerism refer to?

<p>The buying of material goods to measure success.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are credit cards?

<p>Plastic cards used to make purchases on credit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Diner's Club Card?

<p>The first issued credit card, launched in 1950.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'In God We Trust' represent?

<p>A motto placed on U.S. coins to reflect increased religious sentiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term 'Under God' associated with?

<p>A term added to the U.S. Pledge of Allegiance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Military-Industrial Complex?

<p>A term coined by Eisenhower to describe the close association of the federal government, military, and defense industries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the GI Bill of Rights?

<p>An act that provided veterans with money for education, medical treatment, and loans for housing or businesses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are multinational corporations?

<p>Large companies that operate across national boundaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the service sector refer to?

<p>The part of the economy that provides services, such as healthcare and banking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is John Kenneth Galbraith?

<p>A Canadian economist who wrote 'The Affluent Society.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is planned obsolescence?

<p>The practice of designing products to become obsolete before they actually need replacement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is leisure time?

<p>Time available to people due to the reduction of the work week and other labor-saving devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Levittown?

<p>Towns with houses built on an assembly line to relieve the housing shortage post-WWII.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is William Levitt?

<p>An American real estate dealer known for providing affordable housing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are suburbs?

<p>Residential areas surrounding a city.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is redlining?

<p>A discriminatory practice preventing minority groups from obtaining loans for purchasing homes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'White Flight'?

<p>The movement of working and middle-class white people away from minority neighborhoods to predominantly white suburbs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a franchise?

<p>A company that offers similar products or services in many locations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Ray Kroc?

<p>The founder of the first McDonald's and who bought out the McDonald brothers' restaurants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the National Housing Act of 1949 do?

<p>It provided for the construction of 810,000 units of low-income housing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Title I refer to?

<p>Projects creating housing for lower-income families.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is The Sunbelt?

<p>An area from Florida to California with a warmer climate and economic opportunities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Interstate Highway Act of 1956?

<p>The largest publicly funded construction project in U.S. history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are benefits of car culture?

<p>Amusement parks, tourism, economic boom, and drive-in movies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are drawbacks of car culture?

<p>Pollution, increased car accident deaths, and traffic jams.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Baby Boom?

<p>A cohort of individuals born in the U.S. between 1946 and 1964.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Dr. Spock?

<p>A 1950s doctor known for advising the baby boom generation on raising children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Jonas Salk?

<p>The developer of the polio vaccine in 1952.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Betty Friedan?

<p>An American feminist philosopher and writer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'The Feminine Mystique'?

<p>A book by Betty Friedan that discussed problems faced by middle-class American women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)?

<p>It ruled that the Constitution guarantees citizens' right to privacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were some popular TV shows of the 1950s?

<p>I Love Lucy, The Howdy Doody Show, Father Knows Best, among others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is rock n' roll?

<p>A genre of music that blends rhythm and blues with other styles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Alan Freed?

<p>A radio DJ who helped popularize rhythm and blues music.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Elvis Presley?

<p>A white rock singer who influenced American popular music.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Sam Philips?

<p>A music producer for Elvis Presley and founder of Sun Studios.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Little Richard?

<p>An African American rock 'n' roll singer known for hit songs in the 1950s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Chuck Berry?

<p>An African American rocker who influenced many musicians in the 1950s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Ed Sullivan?

<p>The host of a popular television variety show called 'Toast of the Town.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Dick Clark?

<p>A music promoter and host of 'American Bandstand.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

'American Bandstand' started airing in what year?

<p>1957</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is The Beat Movement?

<p>A group of social and literary nonconformists of the 1950s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are beatniks?

<p>A United States youth subculture of the 1950s that rebelled against middle-class norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) do?

<p>Regulates and licenses communications such as TV, radio, and telephones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Jack Kerouac?

<p>A leading figure of the Beat Generation who wrote 'On the Road.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is James Dean?

<p>A cultural icon representing teen disillusionment in the United States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

American Century

  • Coined by Henry Luce, signifies post-World War II confidence in U.S. global power and influence.

Henry Luce

  • Influential publisher behind Time, Life, and Fortune magazines; envisioned the rise of "the American Century."

Bretton Woods Agreement

  • Established in 1944, created the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, shaping post-war international finance.

Business Consolidation

  • A trend where companies buy out competitors, leading to fewer but larger corporations.

Blue Collar Workers

  • Manual laborers earning lower wages; common occupations included construction and factory work prior to the 1950s.

White Collar Workers

  • Skilled workers in management and technical jobs; marked a shift with higher wages and job prestige emerging in the 1950s.

Pink Collar Workers

  • Occupations typically filled by women, predominantly in service sectors with lower wages and minimal status.

Michael Harrington

  • Author of "The Other America," highlighting hidden poverty in the U.S., unveiling stark economic disparities.

Consumerism

  • Emergence of material goods as a measure of success, reflecting a growing culture of consumption.

Credit Cards

  • Introduced "buy now, pay later" model; signaled a shift toward consumer credit usage.

Diner's Club Card

  • First credit card, launched in 1950, revolutionizing payment methods and consumer purchasing behavior.

"In God We Trust"

  • Motto mandated by law on U.S. currency in 1955, reflecting the era's religious sentiment.

"Under God"

  • Phrase added to the Pledge of Allegiance to emphasize national faith.

Military-Industrial Complex

  • Term introduced by Eisenhower, warning against the strong relationship between military interests and defense contractors, which could lead to excessive spending.

GI Bill of Rights

  • Provided veterans with benefits for education, housing, and loans, contributing significantly to post-war economic expansion.

Multinational Corporations

  • Large companies operating across borders, reflecting globalization trends post-World War II.

Service Sector

  • Economic segment focused on services like healthcare and education, contrasting with manufacturing industries.

John Kenneth Galbraith

  • Economist known for "The Affluent Society," analyzing the peculiarities of post-war prosperity and public service needs.

Planned Obsolescence

  • Business strategy aimed at making products outdated quickly to encourage continual consumer spending.

Leisure Time

  • Increased time for recreation due to 40-hour work weeks and labor-saving devices; led to new cultural activities like TV viewing.

Levittown

  • Mass-produced suburban housing that addressed post-war shortages, becoming emblematic of suburban expansion.

William Levitt

  • Real estate developer who popularized assembly-line housing techniques, fostering suburban growth.

Suburbs

  • Residential zones around cities that became popular post-WWII, attracting families and businesses alike.

Redlining

  • Discriminatory housing practice restricting minority access to home purchases in certain neighborhoods; now illegal.

"White Flight"

  • Demographic trend where white middle-class families moved from racially diverse areas to predominantly white suburbs.

Franchise

  • A business model allowing replication of products/services across numerous locations, fostering brand familiarity.

Ray Kroc

  • Key figure in McDonald's expansion, acquiring the restaurant chain from its original founders.

National Housing Act of 1949

  • Initiated extensive low-income housing projects to address urban decline and build affordable living spaces.

Title I Projects

  • Government initiatives aimed at creating housing solutions for lower-income families.

The Sunbelt

  • A region from Florida to California known for its favorable climate and economic opportunities, attracting post-war migration.

Interstate Highway Act of 1956

  • Massive infrastructure project creating an extensive highway system, changing American transportation and suburban life.

Benefits of Car Culture

  • Economic boom in tourism, entertainment (drive-ins), and accessibility to parks and historical sites.

Drawbacks of Car Culture

  • Increased pollution, road accidents, and urban traffic congestion resulting from car dependency.

Baby Boom

  • Demographic surge of births between 1946 and 1964 due to post-war optimism, leading to a youth-centric culture.

Dr. Spock

  • Influential child-rearing expert whose advice shaped parenting philosophies during the Baby Boom.

Jonas Salk

  • Medical pioneer who developed the polio vaccine in 1952, significantly impacting public health.

Betty Friedan

  • Feminist author of "The Feminine Mystique," credited with igniting the Second Wave of feminism by highlighting women’s issues.

The Feminine Mystique

  • Explores the dissatisfaction of middle-class women, advocating for gender equality and greater fulfillment.

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)

  • Supreme Court ruling affirming privacy rights, allowing women's access to contraception, a landmark in reproductive rights.
  • Iconic shows of the era included "I Love Lucy," "Mickey Mouse Club," and "Gunsmoke," highlighting shifts in entertainment.

Rock 'n' Roll

  • Musical genre blending rhythm and blues with other styles, catalyzed by African American artists for broader audiences.

Alan Freed

  • Pioneering DJ who promoted African American music, playing a crucial role in popularizing rock 'n' roll.

Elvis Presley

  • Cultural icon credited with mainstreaming rock 'n' roll, merging diverse musical influences and styles.

Sam Philips

  • Music producer known for launching Elvis Presley’s career and founding Sun Studios, key to rock n' roll history.

Little Richard

  • Influential African American rock musician known for his energetic performances and hit song "Tutti Fruiti."

Chuck Berry

  • Legendary rock 'n' roll musician whose style laid the groundwork for future rock artists and genres.

Ed Sullivan

  • TV host of "Toast of the Town," a major platform for promoting new music and cultural trends in the 1950s.

Dick Clark

  • Prominent figure in rock promotion, known for hosting "American Bandstand," which showcased emerging musical talent.

"American Bandstand"

  • A dance show featuring rock hits, pivotal in popularizing the rock genre and shaping youth culture in America.

The Beat Movement

  • Counter-culture group of the 1950s that challenged societal norms through literature and social critique.

Beatniks

  • Youth subculture rebelling against conventional values, known for their unique style, poetry, and exploration of drugs.

Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

  • Regulatory body overseeing communications in radio, TV, and telecommunications, shaping media landscape.

Jack Kerouac

  • Leading figure of the Beat generation, author of "On the Road," capturing the spirit and struggles of the era.

James Dean

  • Cultural icon representing teenage rebellion and disillusionment in the 1950s, known for his role in "Rebel Without a Cause."

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Test your knowledge on key concepts from the 1950s, focusing on the rise of the middle class and figures like Henry Luce. This quiz covers influential terms and agreements that shaped post-World War II America. Perfect for history students looking to reinforce their understanding of this pivotal era.

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