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Questions and Answers
Which item is NOT part of typical 17th century men's attire according to the outlined clothing?
What piece of clothing was commonly worn over the doublet in the 17th century?
What distinguished the king's court costume from that of the noblemen?
Which fashion style allows the cape to be worn on just one shoulder?
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What characterized the female silhouette during the reign of Louis the 13th?
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During which years did Louis the 14th reign as King of France?
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Which garment was worn directly under the bodice in 17th century women's fashion?
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What was the primary color of gowns worn during this period?
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What were the names of the petticoats worn under the skirt? 1
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Which feature was characteristic of the sleeves in women's gowns?
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What was one significant change in women's dress during the last years of the 17th century?
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What purpose did the mantua, or coat dress, serve for women during the 17th century?
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Which article of clothing was worn as underwear and visible under the dress sleeves?
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What are 'engageantes' in the context of 17th-century women's fashion?
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What kind of neckline was featured in the bodices of women's dresses during this period?
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What element was increasingly used to embellish women's clothing during the simplification phase of the late 17th century?
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What was the function of the corset in women's dress composition after 1675?
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Which figure is credited with the introduction of the mantua to fashion?
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What was one way fashion served during the 17th century?
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Which monarch significantly influenced the fashion industry and positioned Versailles as a fashion capital?
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Which time period is characterized by a focus on Baroque and Classicism in fashion?
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What historical context contributed to fashion's development in the 17th century?
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Which of the following figures was NOT a prominent personality of the 17th century?
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What was a notable characteristic of men's fashion during the 17th century?
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What was one major impact of the art of war during the 17th century?
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Which of the following symbols is associated with the 17th century?
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What social role did fashion play in the 17th century?
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Who among the following was a famous artist during the 17th century?
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What was Louis XIV's role in the French fashion industry?
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What was the name of the first fashion magazine established in 1672?
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Which fabric industry dominated during the Baroque period in France?
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How did the fashion magazine Le Mercure Galant mainly serve its audience?
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What primary limitation did tailors face in the fashion industry during Louis XIV's reign?
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What types of goods began to influence European fashion due to trade with Asia?
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What year marked the formation of a unified corporation of dress tailors, merchants, and shoemakers?
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What was one goal of Louis XIV regarding the fashion industry?
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Study Notes
The 17th Century: Fashion & Society
- The 17th century saw absolute monarchies ruling in Europe, resulting in international trade, and expansion into colonies.
- Key individuals influenced the era: René Descartes (philosopher), Molière, Lully, Le Brun, Le Nôtre (artists), Henri the 4th, Louis the 13th, Louis the 14th (Kings of France), Mazarin, Cardinal Richelieu, Colbert (French ministers).
- The era is symbolized by the Castle of Versailles, and the Musketeers.
17th Century Fashion: Men
- The 17th century man's silhouette evolved under the influence of the French Kings.
- The doublet, an inside jacket, was worn at first on top of breeches, later shortened, shortened further, and eventually became sleeveless.
- A cape could be worn on both shoulders, or just one (the à la Balagny fashion).
The 17th Century Man's Dress
- The shirt: worn as underwear, the shirt was essential.
- The doublet: worn as an inside jacket, it was shortened and later became sleeveless.
- The justaucorps/waistcoat: this was a type of fitted jacket, worn over the shirt and doublet.
- Breeches: knee-length trousers worn on the lower body.
- Hoses: socks/stockings kept up by garters.
17th Century Men's Court Costume
- The Court costume or "Grand Habit" was similar for the king and nobles, but the key difference was ornamentation: embroidery, lace, ribbons, and jewels.
The 17th Century Woman's Dress
- The "Marie of Medici" collar: a round, stiff collar.
- The corset: a tight-fitting undergarment worn to shape the waist.
- The French farthingale: a large, cone-shaped skirt worn over petticoats.
- The gown: an outer garment, often worn in black, with slit sleeves.
- The skirt: worn over petticoats, the top skirt was called "the modest", the first petticoat was "the fripone", and the second petticoat was "the secretive".
The Evolution of 17th Century Women's Fashion
- Under King Louis the XIII, the female silhouette became less voluminous, with a higher waist, and broader shoulders.
- Layers of clothing: the rigid bodice, stomacher, skirt, and gown combined to create elaborate dresses.
The Influence of Louis XIV on Fashion
- Louis XIV: nicknamed "the Sun King”, he made France a center of fashion.
- The "grand habit": a stiff-bodiced, heavy-skirt court dress that became popular during his reign.
- Luxury textiles: Louis XIV encouraged the creation of rich fabrics, establishing France as a center of silk production.
- International trade: imported fabrics from India and China entered the European market under Louis XIV.
The 17th Century Fashion Industry
- “Le Mercure Galant”: the first "fashion" magazine, published in 1672, reached "people of quality" and focused on life at the Court of Versailles.
- Tailors: the key profession in the fashion industry, they were only able to execute orders, not influence trends.
- Corporations: by 1655, dress tailors, dress merchants, and shoemakers unified into a single corporation.
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Description
Explore the fascinating evolution of fashion and society in the 17th century, marked by absolute monarchies and influential figures like René Descartes and Louis XIV. Discover how the clothing of men transformed, from doublets to capes, influenced by the kings of France. Immerse yourself in the cultural backdrop of the Castle of Versailles and the era's notable artists.
