16th and 19th Century Advocacy Narratives
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Questions and Answers

What is the starting page number for the section on 'In the nineteenth century'?

  • 40
  • 44 (correct)
  • 56
  • 49
  • Which of these is a section title?

  • 1.2.5.1
  • 1.2.4.2
  • In the sixteenth century (correct)
  • 1.2.4.1
  • On what page does the conclusion of the discussion begin?

  • 40
  • 61
  • 66 (correct)
  • 49
  • Which of these is a sub-section within a larger chapter?

    <p>2.2.1 Analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the starting page number for the section on 'Sixteenth-Century Amerindians'?

    <p>67 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a comparative study related to the representation of the African and Afro-descendant subject in Latin American literature?

    <p>The Representation of the African and Afro-descendant Subject in Latin American Literature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main topic discussed in this chapter?

    <p>A literary analysis of nine advocacy narratives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of discussing 'empathy,' 'social hegemony,' and 'civilized' and 'civil' within the framework of this study?

    <p>To analyze the role of emotions and social power dynamics in shaping the success of advocacy efforts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, who are the intended readers of the nine advocacy narratives analyzed in this study?

    <p>Scholars of literature and advocacy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the passage utilize sources to illustrate the concept of empathy?

    <p>By exploring the evolution of empathy from its first descriptions to its psychological application (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following concepts is NOT discussed within the theoretical framework outlined in the passage?

    <p>Social hierarchy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of referring to M.L. Hoffman's insights on how emotions are aroused?

    <p>To provide a theoretical foundation for understanding the emotional impact of advocacy narratives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are the authors of the nine advocacy narratives that the study analyzes?

    <p>Writers who advocated for the rights of people living in Spanish colonies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of the theoretical framework laid out in this chapter?

    <p>To provide a lens for analyzing the rhetorical strategies employed in advocacy narratives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main concern of Domingo del Monte in his correspondence with Alexander Everett?

    <p>To highlight the dangers of slave revolts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Louis Althusser define the role of ideology in society?

    <p>As an influential tool among various social classes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, which statement best describes capitalism?

    <p>It emphasizes the exploitation of resources for profit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What historical events does Jerome Branche's article discuss?

    <p>Slave insurgencies in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase 'capital is not an organization' imply about capitalism?

    <p>It functions without a central decision-making body. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical factor that allows capital's processes to function, according to the content?

    <p>Public support of the capitalist system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the narratives of advocacy mentioned in the content?

    <p>Advocacy for enslaved Africans and Afrodescendants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the content describe the interests of the ruling class in capitalism?

    <p>To sustain and enhance their wealth through exploitation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Harvey suggest about capital in the context of exploitation?

    <p>It inherently exploits labor and resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the authors of the narratives of advocacy?

    <p>They belong to or have assimilated into the intellectual sector of society. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Fr. Bartolomé de Las Casas's regret regarding African enslavement?

    <p>He failed to recognize the injustice of slavery until it was too late. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which attribute is NOT a criterion for narratives of advocacy as described in the content?

    <p>Being written by authors from diverse backgrounds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What time period do the narratives advocating for Amerindians primarily focus on?

    <p>16th century (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase 'perceive themselves as civilized' imply about the readers of the narratives?

    <p>They lacked awareness of their own society's flaws. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emotional response do the narratives of advocacy seek to inspire in their readers?

    <p>Empathy for the exploited beings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following texts is associated with Fr. Bartolomé de Las Casas?

    <p>Historia de las Indias (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason for the shift from slavery to cheaper labor in the 19th century?

    <p>The invention of new machines made it more cost-effective to exploit cheap labor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text characterize the impact of narratives of advocacy on the conditions of the exploited?

    <p>Narratives of advocacy had a limited impact on legal or social change, but could shift public opinion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary motivation for capital's shift to cheaper labor?

    <p>The need to reduce production costs and increase profit margins. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the author's main argument regarding the role of advocacy narratives in societal change?

    <p>Advocacy narratives play a role in raising awareness but ultimately, change is driven by economic factors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the author's view on the relationship between capital and societal change?

    <p>Capital is primarily motivated by profit and will only change its practices when it benefits its interests. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text relate the concept of "primitive accumulation" to the shift from slavery to cheaper labor?

    <p>Primitive accumulation refers to the initial phase of capitalism, where wealth is extracted through slavery, setting the stage for the later use of cheaper labor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to the shift from slavery to cheaper labor in the 19th century?

    <p>The widespread belief that slavery was morally wrong and should be abolished. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was it no longer advantageous for capital to exploit Black Africans through slavery in the 19th century?

    <p>The invention of new machines made enslaved labor less cost-effective and more risky. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Sixteenth Century Advocacy

    Narratives aimed at influencing actions or policies during the 1500s.

    Readers of Advocacy Narratives

    The audience that engages with texts intended to persuade or argue a point.

    Portuguese America

    Refers to the territories in the Americas colonized by Portugal.

    Carta en Lengua Latina

    A letter written in Latin by Dominicans and Franciscans to the Spanish rulers.

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    Consejo de Indias

    The Spanish council responsible for overseeing colonies in the Americas.

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    Nineteenth Century Capital Changes

    Economic shift from slavery to cheap labor due to industrialization.

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    Disposable Laborers

    Workers hired for low wages and replaced easily, lacking job security.

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    Advocacy Narratives

    Stories aimed at raising awareness of exploitation and inspiring empathy.

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    Profit-Driven Change

    Alterations in labor practices happen primarily when capital profits from them.

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    Ideological State Apparatus

    Institutions that propagate the state's ideology to maintain control.

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    Slave Uprising Threat

    Concerns by society about potential rebellions by enslaved people.

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    Primitive Accumulation

    The historical process of accumulation of wealth through exploitation and colonialism.

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    Marx's View on Capital

    Capital is intrinsically associated with exploitation and violence throughout history.

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    Juan Francisco Manzano

    An enslaved Cuban author known for his autobiography detailing the realities of slavery.

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    Domingo del Monte

    A Cuban intellectual who corresponded with Alexander Everett about slavery and racism in Cuba.

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    Slave Insurgencies

    Rebellions by enslaved people against their enslavers, common in the 18th and 19th centuries.

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    Capitalism

    An economic system where trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit.

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    Ruling Class (according to Marx)

    The social class that owns the means of production and exploits labor power.

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    Correspondence of Del Monte and Everett

    Letters discussing the threat of slave revolts and racist views in Cuba's society.

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    Harvey's definition of capital

    Describes capital as a process where money is used to generate more money, often via labor exploitation.

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    Narratives of Advocacy

    Texts by authors advocating for exploited beings, aiming to influence perceptions and policies.

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    Fr. Bartolomé de Las Casas

    A priest who initially supported African slavery, later regretted his stance and advocated for justice.

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    Civility in Advocacy

    The perception of being civilized as portrayed by authors advocating for the oppressed.

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    Empathy in Texts

    The portrayal of exploited beings designed to inspire compassion in readers.

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    Influential Advocacy

    The role narratives played in prompting legal changes against exploitation.

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    Nineteenth Century Advocacy

    Narratives that advocated for enslaved Africans and Afrodescendants in the 1800s.

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    Letters to Authority

    Correspondence from clergy addressing figures of power, advocating for the exploited.

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    Lorna Williams

    Author of The Representation of Slavery in Cuban Fiction, analyzing antislavery texts.

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    Antislavery texts

    Literature opposing slavery, often representing the African experience.

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    Julio Ramos

    Author of 'Cuerpo, lengua, subjetividad;' examines linguistic diversity in antislavery novels.

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    Cuerpo, lengua, subjetividad

    Ramos's work on the relationship of body, language, and identity in slavery literature.

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    Cecilia Valdés

    A novel by Cirilo Villaverde, representing the experience of slavery in Cuba.

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    Autobiografía de un esclavo

    Slave narrative by Juan Francisco Manzano, a pivotal antislavery text.

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    Casanova-Marengo

    Author of El intersticio de la colonia, examining power dynamics in Cuban literature.

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    Cuban intellectual authors

    Writers who engage with themes of power and resistance in slavery literature.

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    Empathy

    The ability to understand and share the feelings of another.

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    Social Hegemony

    The dominance of one social group over others, shaping cultural norms.

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    Civilized

    The state of being culturally advanced and refined.

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    Civil

    Related to citizens and their well-being; socially acceptable behavior.

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    Emotional Level Connection

    The way authors engage readers' feelings in advocacy texts.

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    Representation of the Other

    How marginalized groups are depicted in literature and advocacy.

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    Effects on Society

    The consequences advocacy narratives have on social perceptions and actions.

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    Study Notes

    16th and 19th Century Narratives of Advocacy

    • Narratives of advocacy, written by authors within the intellectual sector, advocated for exploited groups (Amerindians in the 16th century, enslaved Africans and Afrodescendants in the 19th century).
    • These narratives aimed to inspire empathy in readers who perceived themselves as civilized, influencing societal changes.
    • Success of these narratives depended on whether capital (and the ruling class) needed or could profit from change.
    • External factors like state intervention impacted the narratives' popular acceptance and impact on lawmaking.

    Defining "Narratives of Advocacy"

    • Authors belong to or assimilate into the intellectual sector.
    • Target readers perceive themselves as civilized.
    • Portray exploited groups to inspire empathy in readers.
    • Circulated relatively widely during the exploitation period.
    • Considered influential in legal changes.

    Capital's Role in Change

    • Capital (a process of using money to create more money) inherently seeks to maximize profit through resource (human and non-human) exploitation.
    • Capital's willingness to change relies on societal support and specific conditions.
    • Capital, which is ultimately a process, does not mean an organization, but is a force impacting social change and exploitation.

    Types of Capital

    • Early Forms included usurer's and merchant's capital.
    • The discovery of gold, enslavement, and other practices driven by capital marked the beginning of capitalist production.
    • Marx described capital as having blood and dirt on it, symbolizing exploitation.

    Fear of Rebellion

    • The fear of slave uprising was a factor, especially after the Haitian Revolution.
    • This fear shaped efforts to end the slave trade to avoid increased risk of rebellion.

    State's Role in Filtering Narratives

    • The state's ideological state apparatus can filter out narratives of advocacy, potentially influencing whether such narratives become popular.
    • As advocating texts become popular, this makes them likely to effect change.

    Specific Examples of Narratives

    • Covers 16th century Amerindian texts and 19th-century texts advocating for enslaved Africans and Afro-descendants. Examples of texts mentioned include Carta en lengua latina de dóminicos y franciscanos a los regentes de España (1517), Carta al Rey del Padre Fr.Pedro de Córdoba (1517), Información en derecho del licenciado Quiroga (1535), and Historia de las Indias by Las Casas (mentions regret over suggestion of African slavery.)
    • Includes work by authors such as Lorna Williams, Julio Ramos, and Ilia Casanova-Marengo, examining slavery representation in literature.
      • Studies analyzed relevant texts like Autobiografı́a de un esclavo poeta, Francisco, Sab, Cecilia Valdés, and Sofı́a which used language and other literary tools to advocate for social change. Analysis considers the linguistic heterogeneity of the 19th-century abolitionist writings, which influenced perceptions of slavery and enslaved individuals.

    Key Concepts in Theoretical Framework

    • Empathy: Its historical development, a complex emotion aroused through various means.
    • Social Hegemony: Its description through Gramsci and Bourdieu's concepts.
    • Civilization and Civility: The meanings of these terms in the 16th and 19th centuries, as defined by various authors.
    • Authors and Readers: Defining aspects of their demographics, roles, and motivations in this historical context.
    • Representation of the "Other": How exploited groups are portrayed in texts and their effects on readers and society. This includes analyzing how these groups are represented differently in various texts.

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    Description

    Explore the powerful narratives of advocacy written during the 16th and 19th centuries that aimed to inspire empathy for exploited groups like Amerindians and enslaved Africans. Understand how these narratives influenced societal changes and lawmaking, and the role of capital and state intervention in their acceptance. This quiz will test your knowledge on the impact of these historical texts.

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