CH 1: Protein Synthesis
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Questions and Answers

Where does transcription occur in the cell?

  • Ribosome
  • Mitochondria
  • Nucleus (correct)
  • Cytoplasm

    • What is the role of RNA nucleotides in transcription?

  • Pair with proteins in the cytoplasm
  • Convert DNA into RNA
  • Form a single-stranded mRNA molecule (correct)
  • Pair with ribosomes in translation

    • What happens to the mRNA after transcription?

  • It gets destroyed in the cytoplasm
  • It remains in the nucleoplasm
  • It exits the nucleus through a nuclear pore (correct)
  • It forms a double helix with DNA

    • During transcription, what acts as a template for mRNA synthesis?

    <p>One of the unzipped DNA strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does translation occur?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

    <p>Carries specific amino acids and has an anticodon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of an anticodon in tRNA molecules?

    <p>It is complementary to a codon on the mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the elongation stage of protein synthesis?

    <p>Peptide bonds form between amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does termination occur in protein synthesis?

    <p>Protein is released at a stop codon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ensures accurate translation of genetic information into functional proteins?

    <p>Coordinated series of events involving DNA and RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of tRNA molecules in protein synthesis?

    <p>Carrying specific amino acids and binding to the mRNA at the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a tRNA molecule binds to a codon on the mRNA during protein synthesis?

    <p>Anticodon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a tRNA's anticodon matches a codon on the mRNA?

    <p>Amino acids are added in the proper sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of protein synthesis do more tRNAs bring appropriate amino acids to be linked together by peptide bonds?

    <p>Elongation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What signals the end of protein synthesis during translation?

    <p>Stop codon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of an anticodon in tRNA molecules?

    <p>Matching with a codon on mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of transcription in protein synthesis?

    <p>Transferring DNA information to mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

    <p>Decoding genetic information to synthesize proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of RNA nucleotides pairing with complementary bases during transcription?

    <p>Creating mRNA molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During translation, what is the function of a ribosome?

    <p>Synthesizing proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does mRNA exit the nucleus during protein synthesis?

    <p>Via a nuclear pore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule serves as a template for mRNA synthesis during transcription?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of transcription in the cell?

    <p>Regulating gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a ribosome during protein synthesis?

    <p>Decoding mRNA to synthesize a protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonds break during DNA unwinding in transcription?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule serves as a template for mRNA synthesis in transcription?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of mRNA during protein synthesis?

    <p>Provides genetic information for protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of RNA nucleotides pairing with complementary bases during transcription?

    <p>To ensure accurate mRNA formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During translation, what happens to the newly formed mRNA strand?

    <p>It exits the nucleus through a nuclear pore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of transcription in protein synthesis?

    <p>Transferring genetic information to mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of an anticodon in tRNA molecules?

    <p>Identifying the mRNA sequence for protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the ribosome ensure the proper sequence of amino acids in a protein during translation?

    <p>By preventing tRNAs from binding to incorrect codons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when the ribosome reaches a stop codon during protein synthesis?

    <p>The mRNA is released from the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During protein synthesis, how are amino acids added to the growing polypeptide chain?

    <p>By peptide bond formation catalyzed by the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of tRNAs bringing appropriate amino acids during translation?

    <p>Ensuring translation accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule plays a crucial role in linking amino acids together during protein synthesis?

    <p>rRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens at the termination stage of protein synthesis?

    <p>'Stop' codon halts translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In protein synthesis, what does a tRNA's anticodon specifically ensure?

    <p>Correct amino acid addition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of transcription in protein synthesis?

    <p>Transferring information from DNA to mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During transcription, which of the following correctly describes the role of the template strand?

    <p>It serves as a template for mRNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to RNA nucleotides during transcription?

    <p>They pair with their complementary bases on DNA template</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In protein synthesis, what is the role of tRNA molecules?

    <p>Carrying amino acids to the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mRNA during protein synthesis?

    <p>Carrying genetic information from DNA to ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During translation, what is the function of a ribosome?

    <p>Acting as a site for protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of tRNA molecules in protein synthesis?

    <p>Carrying specific amino acids and matching anticodons to mRNA codons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During protein synthesis, what happens when the ribosome reaches a stop codon on the mRNA?

    <p>The ribosome disassembles into subunits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the initiation stage of protein synthesis?

    <p>A codon on tRNA matches an anticodon on mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of an anticodon in tRNA molecules during protein synthesis?

    <p>Matching with mRNA codons to ensure correct amino acid placement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of peptide bonds during elongation in protein synthesis?

    <p>Linking amino acids together to form a polypeptide chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During termination in protein synthesis, what does the ribosome encounter on the mRNA?

    <p>Stop codon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of DNA and RNA in protein synthesis?

    <p>Ensuring accurate translation of genetic information into functional proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do tRNAs contribute to protein synthesis?

    <p>By carrying specific amino acids and linking them together during translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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