52 Questions
Where does transcription occur in the cell?
Nucleus
What is the role of RNA nucleotides in transcription?
Form a single-stranded mRNA molecule
What happens to the mRNA after transcription?
It exits the nucleus through a nuclear pore
During transcription, what acts as a template for mRNA synthesis?
One of the unzipped DNA strands
Where does translation occur?
Cytoplasm
What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
Carries specific amino acids and has an anticodon
What is the function of an anticodon in tRNA molecules?
It is complementary to a codon on the mRNA
What happens during the elongation stage of protein synthesis?
Peptide bonds form between amino acids
How does termination occur in protein synthesis?
Protein is released at a stop codon
What ensures accurate translation of genetic information into functional proteins?
Coordinated series of events involving DNA and RNA
What is the role of tRNA molecules in protein synthesis?
Carrying specific amino acids and binding to the mRNA at the ribosome
Which part of a tRNA molecule binds to a codon on the mRNA during protein synthesis?
Anticodon
What happens when a tRNA's anticodon matches a codon on the mRNA?
Amino acids are added in the proper sequence
During which stage of protein synthesis do more tRNAs bring appropriate amino acids to be linked together by peptide bonds?
Elongation
What signals the end of protein synthesis during translation?
Stop codon
What is the function of an anticodon in tRNA molecules?
Matching with a codon on mRNA
What is the main function of transcription in protein synthesis?
Transferring DNA information to mRNA
Which of the following correctly describes the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?
Decoding genetic information to synthesize proteins
What is the significance of RNA nucleotides pairing with complementary bases during transcription?
Creating mRNA molecules
During translation, what is the function of a ribosome?
Synthesizing proteins
How does mRNA exit the nucleus during protein synthesis?
Via a nuclear pore
Which molecule serves as a template for mRNA synthesis during transcription?
DNA
What is the primary role of transcription in the cell?
Regulating gene expression
What is the role of a ribosome during protein synthesis?
Decoding mRNA to synthesize a protein
What type of bonds break during DNA unwinding in transcription?
Hydrogen bonds
Which molecule serves as a template for mRNA synthesis in transcription?
DNA
What is the main function of mRNA during protein synthesis?
Provides genetic information for protein synthesis
What is the significance of RNA nucleotides pairing with complementary bases during transcription?
To ensure accurate mRNA formation
During translation, what happens to the newly formed mRNA strand?
It exits the nucleus through a nuclear pore
What is the primary role of transcription in protein synthesis?
Transferring genetic information to mRNA
What is the main function of an anticodon in tRNA molecules?
Identifying the mRNA sequence for protein synthesis
How does the ribosome ensure the proper sequence of amino acids in a protein during translation?
By preventing tRNAs from binding to incorrect codons
What occurs when the ribosome reaches a stop codon during protein synthesis?
The mRNA is released from the ribosome
During protein synthesis, how are amino acids added to the growing polypeptide chain?
By peptide bond formation catalyzed by the ribosome
What is the significance of tRNAs bringing appropriate amino acids during translation?
Ensuring translation accuracy
Which molecule plays a crucial role in linking amino acids together during protein synthesis?
rRNA
What happens at the termination stage of protein synthesis?
'Stop' codon halts translation
In protein synthesis, what does a tRNA's anticodon specifically ensure?
Correct amino acid addition
What is the main function of transcription in protein synthesis?
Transferring information from DNA to mRNA
During transcription, which of the following correctly describes the role of the template strand?
It serves as a template for mRNA synthesis
What happens to RNA nucleotides during transcription?
They pair with their complementary bases on DNA template
In protein synthesis, what is the role of tRNA molecules?
Carrying amino acids to the ribosome
What is the primary function of mRNA during protein synthesis?
Carrying genetic information from DNA to ribosome
During translation, what is the function of a ribosome?
Acting as a site for protein synthesis
What is the role of tRNA molecules in protein synthesis?
Carrying specific amino acids and matching anticodons to mRNA codons
During protein synthesis, what happens when the ribosome reaches a stop codon on the mRNA?
The ribosome disassembles into subunits
What occurs during the initiation stage of protein synthesis?
A codon on tRNA matches an anticodon on mRNA
What is the function of an anticodon in tRNA molecules during protein synthesis?
Matching with mRNA codons to ensure correct amino acid placement
What is the significance of peptide bonds during elongation in protein synthesis?
Linking amino acids together to form a polypeptide chain
During termination in protein synthesis, what does the ribosome encounter on the mRNA?
Stop codon
What is the primary role of DNA and RNA in protein synthesis?
Ensuring accurate translation of genetic information into functional proteins
How do tRNAs contribute to protein synthesis?
By carrying specific amino acids and linking them together during translation
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