CH 1: DNA Replication
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Questions and Answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

  • M phase
  • G2 phase
  • G1 phase
  • S phase (correct)

    • Where does DNA replication take place in eukaryotic cells?

  • Ribosomes
  • Nucleus (correct)
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondria

    • What is the significance of DNA replication in living organisms?

  • To make an exact copy of DNA (correct)
  • To control cell division
  • To produce energy
  • To regulate gene expression

    • Which key step marks the initiation of DNA replication?

    <p>Unwinding of the DNA double helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase does DNA replication NOT occur?

    <p>Anaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme facilitates the unwinding of DNA strands by breaking hydrogen bonds between complementary bases?

    <p>Helicase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of primase in DNA replication?

    <p>Synthesizing a short RNA primer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During DNA replication, in which direction do DNA polymerase enzymes add nucleotides to the growing DNA strand?

    <p>5' to 3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of DNA replication in terms of genetic diversity?

    <p>It can lead to mutations contributing to genetic variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biological process depends on understanding DNA replication for its advancement?

    <p>Genetic therapies development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of helicases in DNA replication?

    <p>Breaking hydrogen bonds between complementary bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing a short RNA primer in DNA replication?

    <p>Primase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction do DNA polymerase enzymes add nucleotides to the growing DNA strand?

    <p>5' to 3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of DNA ligase in DNA replication?

    <p>Joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the termination phase of DNA replication occur?

    <p>After the entire molecule has been replicated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of DNA replication in terms of genetic diversity?

    <p>It contributes to genetic diversity through occasional mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Elongation' in DNA replication refers to which process?

    <p>Adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for proofreading and error correction during DNA replication?

    <p>DNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Primer Binding' in DNA replication is carried out by which enzyme?

    <p>Primase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the replication forks meet during DNA replication?

    <p>The replication process terminates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of DNA replication?

    <p>To ensure continuity of genetic information from one generation to the next</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does DNA replication occur in the cell cycle?

    <p>During the S phase of interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does DNA replication primarily happen in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the initiation step of DNA replication?

    <p>Formation of a replication fork</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle precedes DNA replication?

    <p>G1 phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of DNA replication in terms of cell division?

    <p>Ensuring each new cell has a complete set of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle provides a controlled environment for DNA replication in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?

    <p>Adding new nucleotides to the growing DNA strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does timing of DNA replication prevent errors during cell division?

    <p>By ensuring each new cell receives correct genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the S phase in the cell cycle?

    <p>It ensures precise copying of DNA before cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key role of helicases in DNA replication?

    <p>Facilitating the unwinding of DNA strands by breaking hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is vital for the initiation of DNA replication by synthesizing a short RNA primer?

    <p>Primase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During DNA replication, what happens if the template strand has a cytosine (C)?

    <p>Guanine (G) is added to the new strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of proofreading abilities in DNA polymerases during replication?

    <p>Correcting errors in base pairing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle is NOT associated with DNA replication?

    <p>M phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of ligase enzymes during DNA replication?

    <p>Joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction do DNA polymerase enzymes add nucleotides to the growing DNA strand?

    <p>5' to 3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is understanding DNA replication crucial for cancer research and genetic therapies?

    <p>To provide a foundation for biological research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do errors occurring during DNA replication contribute to genetic diversity within populations?

    <p>By facilitating genetic mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ensures that each new cell receives an exact copy of DNA during cell division?

    <p>Conservation of genetic information through replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication NOT occur?

    <p>M phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the replication forks meet during DNA replication?

    <p>The DNA undergoes recombination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of DNA ligase in DNA replication?

    <p>Joining Okazaki fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the timing of DNA replication prevent errors during cell division?

    <p>By allowing proofreading by DNA polymerase enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which key step marks the initiation of DNA replication?

    <p>Separation of the DNA double helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Elongation' in DNA replication refers to which process?

    <p>Adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the initiation step of DNA replication?

    <p>'Helicases' unwind the DNA double helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Primer Binding' in DNA replication is carried out by which enzyme?

    <p>'Primase'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of helicases in DNA replication?

    <p>Breaking hydrogen bonds between bases to unwind the DNA double helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ligase enzymes in DNA replication?

    <p>Joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During DNA replication, what is the function of primase?

    <p>Synthesizing a short RNA primer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are proofreading abilities of DNA polymerases important during replication?

    <p>To correct errors or mismatches in base pairing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of genetic variation resulting from errors during DNA replication?

    <p>Genetic diversity within populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In DNA replication, what is the main purpose of elongation by DNA polymerase enzymes?

    <p>To add nucleotides to the growing DNA strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the timing of DNA replication in the cell cycle?

    <p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does DNA replication take place in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of DNA replication in terms of genetic inheritance?

    <p>Ensuring genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during DNA replication?

    <p>Helicase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the termination phase of DNA replication?

    <p>Separation of replicated DNA molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

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