59 Questions
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
S phase
Where does DNA replication take place in eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus
What is the significance of DNA replication in living organisms?
To make an exact copy of DNA
Which key step marks the initiation of DNA replication?
Unwinding of the DNA double helix
In which phase does DNA replication NOT occur?
Anaphase
Which enzyme facilitates the unwinding of DNA strands by breaking hydrogen bonds between complementary bases?
Helicase
What is the role of primase in DNA replication?
Synthesizing a short RNA primer
During DNA replication, in which direction do DNA polymerase enzymes add nucleotides to the growing DNA strand?
5' to 3'
What is the significance of DNA replication in terms of genetic diversity?
It can lead to mutations contributing to genetic variation
Which biological process depends on understanding DNA replication for its advancement?
Genetic therapies development
What is the role of helicases in DNA replication?
Breaking hydrogen bonds between complementary bases
Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing a short RNA primer in DNA replication?
Primase
In which direction do DNA polymerase enzymes add nucleotides to the growing DNA strand?
5' to 3'
What is the function of DNA ligase in DNA replication?
Joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand
When does the termination phase of DNA replication occur?
After the entire molecule has been replicated
What is the significance of DNA replication in terms of genetic diversity?
It contributes to genetic diversity through occasional mutations
'Elongation' in DNA replication refers to which process?
Adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand
Which enzyme is responsible for proofreading and error correction during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase
'Primer Binding' in DNA replication is carried out by which enzyme?
Primase
What happens when the replication forks meet during DNA replication?
The replication process terminates
What is the main purpose of DNA replication?
To ensure continuity of genetic information from one generation to the next
When does DNA replication occur in the cell cycle?
During the S phase of interphase
Where does DNA replication primarily happen in eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus
What happens during the initiation step of DNA replication?
Formation of a replication fork
Which phase of the cell cycle precedes DNA replication?
G1 phase
What is the significance of DNA replication in terms of cell division?
Ensuring each new cell has a complete set of DNA
Which organelle provides a controlled environment for DNA replication in eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus
What is the role of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?
Adding new nucleotides to the growing DNA strand
How does timing of DNA replication prevent errors during cell division?
By ensuring each new cell receives correct genetic information
What is the significance of the S phase in the cell cycle?
It ensures precise copying of DNA before cell division
What is the key role of helicases in DNA replication?
Facilitating the unwinding of DNA strands by breaking hydrogen bonds
Which enzyme is vital for the initiation of DNA replication by synthesizing a short RNA primer?
Primase
During DNA replication, what happens if the template strand has a cytosine (C)?
Guanine (G) is added to the new strand
What is the significance of proofreading abilities in DNA polymerases during replication?
Correcting errors in base pairing
Which phase of the cell cycle is NOT associated with DNA replication?
M phase
What is the main function of ligase enzymes during DNA replication?
Joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand
In which direction do DNA polymerase enzymes add nucleotides to the growing DNA strand?
5' to 3'
Why is understanding DNA replication crucial for cancer research and genetic therapies?
To provide a foundation for biological research
How do errors occurring during DNA replication contribute to genetic diversity within populations?
By facilitating genetic mutation
What ensures that each new cell receives an exact copy of DNA during cell division?
Conservation of genetic information through replication
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication NOT occur?
M phase
What happens when the replication forks meet during DNA replication?
The DNA undergoes recombination
What is the function of DNA ligase in DNA replication?
Joining Okazaki fragments
How does the timing of DNA replication prevent errors during cell division?
By allowing proofreading by DNA polymerase enzymes
Which key step marks the initiation of DNA replication?
Separation of the DNA double helix
'Elongation' in DNA replication refers to which process?
Adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand
What happens during the initiation step of DNA replication?
'Helicases' unwind the DNA double helix
'Primer Binding' in DNA replication is carried out by which enzyme?
'Primase'
What is the role of helicases in DNA replication?
Breaking hydrogen bonds between bases to unwind the DNA double helix
What is the role of ligase enzymes in DNA replication?
Joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand
During DNA replication, what is the function of primase?
Synthesizing a short RNA primer
Why are proofreading abilities of DNA polymerases important during replication?
To correct errors or mismatches in base pairing
What is the significance of genetic variation resulting from errors during DNA replication?
Genetic diversity within populations
In DNA replication, what is the main purpose of elongation by DNA polymerase enzymes?
To add nucleotides to the growing DNA strand
What is the timing of DNA replication in the cell cycle?
S phase
Where does DNA replication take place in eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus
What is the significance of DNA replication in terms of genetic inheritance?
Ensuring genetic diversity
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during DNA replication?
Helicase
What happens during the termination phase of DNA replication?
Separation of replicated DNA molecules
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