11th Class Chemistry Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of adding excess sulfate solution in step 1 of preparing barium chloride?

  • To ensure all the barium ions react with the sulfate ions (correct)
  • To increase the concentration of barium chloride
  • To dissolve the precipitate formed
  • To neutralize the solution

Which of the following methods can be used to separate the precipitate from the reaction mixture?

  • Filtration (correct)
  • Decantation
  • Evaporation
  • Distillation

What is the chemical formula for the insoluble precipitate formed when barium nitrate solution is mixed with sulfate solution?

  • BaSO4 (correct)
  • BaCl2
  • Na2SO4
  • BaNO3

Which of the following properties is NOT characteristic of metals?

<p>Non-conductivity of heat and electricity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following gases can be identified by its ability to rekindle a glowing splint?

<p>Oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed in the compound silver chloride?

<p>Ionic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is a soluble salt?

<p>Lead(ll) nitrate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the method for preparing an insoluble salt, why is it important to wash the precipitate with distilled water?

<p>To dissolve any remaining soluble impurities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a suitable reagent for preparing a precipitate of lead(II) sulfate?

<p>Sodium sulfate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a lighted splint is extinguished with a pop sound, which gas is most likely present?

<p>Hydrogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the properties of metals?

<p>Metals are generally malleable and ductile, and they are good conductors of heat and electricity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the preparation of barium chloride, why is the sulfate solution added in excess?

<p>To ensure that all barium ions are reacted with sulfate ions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following techniques is used to separate the precipitate from the reaction mixture?

<p>Filtration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to wash the precipitate with distilled water after filtration?

<p>To remove soluble impurities and ensure a pure precipitate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the type of bond present in silver chloride?

<p>Ionic bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the method for preparing an insoluble salt, why is it important to stir the solution until no more precipitation forms?

<p>To ensure that all the reactants have been consumed in the reaction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the arrangement of electrons in atoms is incorrect?

<p>Atoms have a fixed number of shells that cannot be changed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following techniques is most suitable for separating a mixture of sand and iron filings?

<p>Filtration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the process of fractional distillation?

<p>It's used to separate liquids with similar boiling points by condensing the vapors at different temperatures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a compound and a mixture?

<p>A compound is formed by chemical reaction, while a mixture is formed by physical mixing. (A), A compound has a fixed ratio of elements, while a mixture can have varying ratios. (B), A compound has different properties than its elements, while a mixture has the same properties as its components. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the octet rule in chemical bonding?

<p>Atoms tend to gain or lose electrons to achieve a stable eight electrons in their valence shell. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a characteristic of ionic compounds?

<p>They conduct electricity in the solid state. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the properties of isotopes?

<p>Isotopes have the same atomic number but different mass numbers. (C), Isotopes have the same chemical properties but different physical properties. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the condenser in the fractional distillation process?

<p>To collect the distillate as it condenses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chemical bonding is formed by sharing electrons between atoms?

<p>Covalent bonding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a fractionating column in fractional distillation?

<p>To increase the surface area for vapor condensation, increasing the number of vaporization-condensation cycles, leading to a more effective separation of liquids with close boiling points. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a property typically associated with metals?

<p>Generally brittle and easily broken. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a compound?

<p>Sugar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a proton and a neutron?

<p>Protons are positively charged and neutrons have no charge. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not true about the noble gases?

<p>They readily form compounds with other elements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ice in the receiver during distillation?

<p>To prevent the distillate from overheating. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of oxide can react with both acids and bases to form salts and water?

<p>Amphoteric oxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following salts is an example of a soluble salt?

<p>Sodium carbonate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about salts is incorrect?

<p>All chlorides are soluble in water. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to hydrated salts when they are heated?

<p>They release water of crystallization. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic property of neutral oxides?

<p>They do not show basic or acidic properties. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using an excess amount of metal or base in the preparation of soluble salts?

<p>To ensure complete neutralization of the acid. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following oxides is considered amphoteric?

<p>Zinc oxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the reaction of acids with metals, what gas is produced?

<p>Hydrogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes anhydrous salts from hydrated salts?

<p>Anhydrous salts do not contain water of crystallization. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the solubility of salts?

<p>All ammonium salts are soluble in water. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about basic oxides?

<p>Most basic oxides are solid at room temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do amphoteric oxides react with?

<p>Both acids and bases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a neutral oxide?

<p>Water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when acids react with carbonates?

<p>Salt, water, and carbon dioxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a hydrated salt?

<p>It contains water of crystallization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which salts are guaranteed to be soluble in water?

<p>All sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is excess metal, base, or carbonate used in the preparation of soluble salts?

<p>To ensure that all acid reacts completely (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic property of insoluble salts?

<p>They always precipitate in acid-base reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method used to prepare insoluble salts?

<p>Filtration of the excess reactant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following metals may pose a challenge in the preparation of salts due to their reactivity?

<p>Potassium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes isotopes?

<p>Isotopes have the same chemical properties but different physical properties. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of ions do metals typically form during ionic bonding?

<p>Cations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributes to the high melting and boiling points of most ionic compounds?

<p>Strong electrostatic forces of attraction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In chromatography, what is primarily being analyzed for separation?

<p>Components that dissolve in the same solvent. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a compound from a mixture?

<p>Compounds have different properties from their elements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When performing a distillation, what does a constant temperature reading on the thermometer indicate?

<p>The vapour has reached equilibrium. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What allows electrons to move freely in metallic bonding?

<p>Presence of loosely held outer electrons. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the first shell of electrons in an atom?

<p>It can hold a maximum of 2 electrons. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of noble gases?

<p>They exist as individual monatomic gases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes how chemical reactions occur?

<p>Electrons participate while neutrons do not. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the mass number of an atom calculated?

<p>By adding the number of protons and neutrons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of mixtures differentiates them from compounds?

<p>Mixtures can be separated by physical properties. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What typically occurs to the temperature during fractional distillation once a component has been distilled over?

<p>Temperature rises to the next component's boiling point. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the preparation of an insoluble salt using barium nitrate and sulfate solution?

<p>Pour barium nitrate solution into a beaker (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following gases is identified by placing a lighted splint at the mouth of the test-tube?

<p>Hydrogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which solution can be used to produce silver chloride as an insoluble salt?

<p>Lead(II) nitrate and hydrochloric acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct observation when oxygen is present in a test tube?

<p>The glowing splint is rekindled (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the process of filtering a precipitate, what is the purpose of washing the precipitate with distilled water?

<p>To remove any soluble impurities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the insoluble salt produced during the mixing of solutions?

<p>It separates as a solid from the liquid mixture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options describes a property that is typically associated with metals?

<p>High malleability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome when carbon dioxide gas bubbles through lime water?

<p>A white precipitate forms and dissolves with further bubbling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when a basic oxide reacts with an acid?

<p>Salt and water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of oxide shows neither basic nor acidic properties?

<p>Neutral oxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the hydrated form of zinc sulfate?

<p>ZnSO4 · 7H2O (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the reaction of acids with carbonates?

<p>Water and carbon dioxide are produced. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which salts are classified as soluble in water?

<p>All nitrates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of amphoteric oxides?

<p>They can react with both acids and bases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method is suitable for preparing salts that are insoluble in water?

<p>Precipitation method (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following oxides is known to be amphoteric?

<p>Zinc oxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these metals would pose a challenge when preparing soluble salts due to its high reactivity?

<p>Sodium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes a property of mixtures?

<p>Components in mixtures retain their individual properties. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes isotopes of an element?

<p>They have different numbers of neutrons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the boiling point behavior during fractional distillation?

<p>The lowest boiling point liquid distills first. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the protons in an atom?

<p>They determine the mass number of the atom. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic property of ionic compounds?

<p>They have strong electrostatic forces between ions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do metals typically form ions?

<p>By losing outer electrons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the behavior of noble gases?

<p>They are stable and unreactive as single atoms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a chromatographic technique?

<p>To separate components that dissolve in the same solvent. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process takes place when a compound is formed?

<p>Chemical reaction that combines elements in a fixed ratio. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a chemical reaction, which particles are primarily involved?

<p>Electrons only. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of separating components in fractional distillation?

<p>Boiling point differences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are electrons arranged in an atom?

<p>They are evenly distributed in all shells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of energy change, how do mixtures and compounds differ?

<p>Compounds result from chemical reactions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Neutralization

The process where an acid and an alkali react to form water and a salt, resulting in a neutral solution.

Insoluble Salt

A solid that forms when two solutions are mixed and does not dissolve in water, separating from the mixture.

Precipitation Method

A technique that involves mixing two solutions to create an insoluble compound that settles out.

Barium Chloride Preparation

Mix barium nitrate with sulfate solution to create barium chloride precipitate, then filter and wash it.

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Hydrogen Test

A test for hydrogen gas where a lighted splint makes a pop sound when introduced to hydrogen.

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Oxygen Test

A test for oxygen where a glowing splint reignites when placed in oxygen-rich environment.

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Carbon Dioxide Test

A test for carbon dioxide where gas bubbles through lime water, turning it cloudy due to precipitate.

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Ammonia Test

A test for ammonia gas where moist litmus paper turns blue upon exposure to ammonia's vapors.

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Basic Oxides

Metal oxides that react with acids to form salts and water.

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Amphoteric Oxide

Metallic oxide that reacts with both acids and bases.

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Neutral Oxide

Non-metal oxides that show neither acidic nor basic properties.

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Salt Composition

Salts are ionic compounds formed by cations and anions.

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Acid + Metal Reaction

Reacts to produce salt and hydrogen gas.

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Hydrated Salts

Salts that contain water of crystallization.

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Anhydrous Salts

Salts that do not contain water of crystallization.

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Soluble Salts

Salts that dissolve in water, like most sodium and ammonium salts.

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Fractional Distillation

A method to separate miscible liquids with different boiling points using a fractionating column.

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Fractionating Column

A vertical tube containing beads, providing a large surface area for vapor to condense in fractional distillation.

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Distillate

The liquid collected after condensation during distillation, typically containing the lowest boiling point component.

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Chromatography

A technique to separate and identify components that dissolve in the same solvent.

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Element

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical processes.

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Atom

The smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element.

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Molecule

A group of two or more atoms chemically combined together.

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Compound

A pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio.

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Ionic Bonding

The transfer of electrons between atoms resulting in the formation of positive and negative ions.

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Cation and Anion

Cations are positively charged ions, while anions are negatively charged ions formed from losing or gaining electrons.

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Isotopes

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

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Noble Gases

Unreactive gases that exist as single atoms and do not form compounds easily.

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Valence Shell

The outermost shell of an atom that contains the electrons involved in chemical reactions.

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Electron Arrangement

The distribution of electrons in the shells around an atom's nucleus, filling from lowest to highest energy levels.

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Chemical Reaction

Processes where atoms rearrange to form new substances, often involving the electrons.

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Receiver in Distillation

The container that collects the distillate after condensation.

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Fractional Distillation Process

A method to separate mixtures of miscible liquids based on boiling points using a fractionating column.

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Constancy of Temperature in Distillation

The thermometer reflects a constant temperature during the distillation of a specific vapor.

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Mixture vs Compound

Mixture: physical blend of substances. Compound: chemically combined fixed ratio of elements.

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Identification of Pure Substance

Use chromatography to identify components present in a sample and determine purity.

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Protons

Positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom, mass of 1.

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Neutrons

Neutral particles in the nucleus of an atom, mass of 1, contribute to atomic mass.

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Electrons

Negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus, with a very small mass (1/1840).

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Atomic Number

The number of protons in an atom, defining the element; same as the number of electrons in a neutral atom.

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Nucleon Number

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

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Chemical Properties of Isotopes

Isotopes of an element have similar chemical properties due to the same number of protons, but differ in physical properties.

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Precipitation

The process of mixing two solutions to form an insoluble solid.

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Washing Precipitate

Using distilled water to remove soluble impurities from the precipitate.

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Barium Chloride Reaction

Mix barium nitrate and sulfate solution to produce barium chloride precipitate.

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Gas Testing: Hydrogen

A lighted splint creates a pop sound indicating hydrogen gas is present.

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Gas Testing: Oxygen

A glowing splint rekindles in the presence of oxygen.

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Gas Testing: Carbon Dioxide

Bubbles through lime water causing a white precipitate to form.

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Gas Testing: Ammonia

Moist litmus paper turning blue indicates the presence of ammonia gas.

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Identifying Gases

Observing color, odor, and tests helps identify gases in reactions.

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Salt Formation

Salts are formed by the reaction of acids with metals, carbonates, bases, or alkalis.

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Water of Crystallisation

The water molecules that are part of the crystal structure of hydrated salts.

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Preparation of Salt

Methods to produce salts, either through reactions with acids or by precipitation.

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Precipitate

An insoluble solid formed from mixing two solutions.

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Barium Nitrate

A chemical used to produce barium chloride through precipitation.

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Hydrogen Pop Test

A lighted splint makes a pop sound when in hydrogen gas.

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Salt Preparation Methods

Methods to produce salts through reactions with acids or using precipitation methods.

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Reactants for Salt Formation

Acids react with metals, carbonates, or bases to produce salts and other products.

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Vapour in Fractional Distillation

The gas produced from boiling requires cooling to become liquid, which happens in the condenser.

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Thermometer in Distillation

Measures temperature of the vapour, indicating the boiling point of the distillate.

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Element vs Compound

Elements are pure substances that can't be broken down, while compounds are chemically combined elements in fixed ratios.

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Mixtures

Combinations of two or more substances that are not chemically combined and can be separated by physical means.

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Proton vs Neutron

Protons have a +1 charge and mass of 1, while neutrons have no charge but the same mass of 1.

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Electron Arrangement in Atoms

Electrons fill shells starting from the lowest energy level, with the maximum of 2 in the first shell.

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Chemistry Notes - States of Matter PDF

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