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Questions and Answers
需求变化的趋势因素通常表现为什么？
需求变化的趋势因素通常表现为什么？
以下哪种需求预测方法属于主观预测法？
以下哪种需求预测方法属于主观预测法？
在加权移动平均法中，如何处理不同历史时期的影响？
在加权移动平均法中，如何处理不同历史时期的影响？
在指数平滑法中，预测值的更新公式中涉及哪一个关键参数？
在指数平滑法中，预测值的更新公式中涉及哪一个关键参数？
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以下关于随机因素的描述哪个是正确的？
以下关于随机因素的描述哪个是正确的？
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优衣库的需求预测中，使用了哪些主要的方法来动态调整预测？
优衣库的需求预测中，使用了哪些主要的方法来动态调整预测？
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优衣库选择在天猫开店的原因主要是什么？
优衣库选择在天猫开店的原因主要是什么？
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在优衣库的零库存模式中，库存控制的关键是什么？
在优衣库的零库存模式中，库存控制的关键是什么？
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在经济订货批量模型中，如何确定最优的订货量Q？
在经济订货批量模型中，如何确定最优的订货量Q？
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在优衣库的库存成本计算中，不包括以下哪个方面？
在优衣库的库存成本计算中，不包括以下哪个方面？
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在使用指数平滑法进行需求预测时，平滑系数对预测结果有什么影响？
在使用指数平滑法进行需求预测时，平滑系数对预测结果有什么影响？
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关于因果预测模型的描述，以下哪项是正确的？
关于因果预测模型的描述，以下哪项是正确的？
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库存的消极作用中，以下哪项也是被认为是库存的消极影响？
库存的消极作用中，以下哪项也是被认为是库存的消极影响？
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为何有些企业追求零库存，这个策略的主要原因是什么？
为何有些企业追求零库存，这个策略的主要原因是什么？
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Study Notes
Chapter 11: Inventory and Production Planning Management
- This chapter covers inventory management, production planning, and related systems like MRP and JIT.
Catalog
-
- Inventory Management
- Demand Forecasting
- Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)
-
- Batching and Production Scheduling
-
- MRP and JIT Systems
Chapter Introduction
- Companies use big data to effectively respond to customer demand; this chapter discusses methods to do that.
- Examples include real-time data collection from various channels (e.g., e-commerce platforms, social media, and industry news sites). This is about connecting internal data with external customer data and transforming that into effective strategies for business operations.
Demand Forecasting
- Demand forecasting is crucial for inventory management as it impacts the amount of inventory needed.
- Forecasts can be inaccurate due to various factors influencing demand.
- The factors affecting demand can be categorized as trend, seasonal, cyclical, and random.
Forecasting Methods
-
Objective Forecasting Methods:
- Time series analysis: Uses past data to predict future demand based on historical patterns. Includes methods such as moving average and exponential smoothing.
- Causal analysis: Examines the relationship between demand and other factors such as economic conditions, prices, and competitors' actions.
-
Subjective Forecasting Methods:
- Salesperson judgment
- Executive committee forecasts
- Delphi method
Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)
- EOQ is a model used to calculate the optimal order quantity for inventory to minimize total costs.
- Costs considered include ordering costs and holding costs.
- The EOQ formula minimizes the sum of ordering costs and holding costs. Formula: 2AD / Ch
- where:
- A = ordering cost per order
- D = demand rate per period
- Ch = holding cost per unit per period
- where:
Inventory Costs
- Holding Costs (Storage Costs): Costs associated with storing inventory. Consideration of space, capital, security, and insurance are important.
- Ordering Costs (Set-up Costs): Costs of placing and processing orders. Include labor costs, administrative costs, and paperwork costs.
- Shortage Costs (Stock-out Costs): Penalties associated with running out of inventory. Include loss of sales, lost customers, and potential damage to reputation.
Summary
- The chapter provides a comprehensive view of different forecasting methods and factors influencing demand, aiding inventory management decisions. It also covers different types of costs related to inventory management. The main goal of this chapter is to help understand and efficiently use data to predict consumer demand and reduce unnecessary expenses.
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Description
本章探讨库存管理、生产规划及相关系统如MRP和JIT。了解如何利用大数据有效响应客户需求，并通过实时数据收集来改进业务策略至关重要。
