10th Class Science Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is a chemical reaction?

A reaction in which new components are produced with new properties (correct)

A reaction that does not involve any substances

A process that only involves physical changes

The production of old components with unchanged properties

What are reactants?

A substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction.

What are products in a chemical reaction?

The substances that are formed in a chemical reaction.

What is a combination reaction?

A chemical change in which two or more substances react to form a single new substance. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in a decomposition reaction?

A single compound breaks down to form two or more simpler substances. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a displacement reaction?

A reaction in which a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from an aqueous solution. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during a double displacement reaction?

A gas, a solid precipitate, or a molecular compound forms from the apparent exchange of atoms or ions between two compounds. Signup and view all the answers

What is oxidation in chemistry?

The reaction in which energy is utilized by the addition of oxygen and removal of hydrogen. Signup and view all the answers

What is reduction in a chemical reaction?

The reaction in which energy is released by the removal of oxygen and addition of hydrogen. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an exothermic reaction?

A reaction in which heat is released along with the formation of products. Signup and view all the answers

What is thermal decomposition?

When a reaction is carried out by heating. Signup and view all the answers

What is electrolytic decomposition?

When decomposition is carried out by passing electricity. Signup and view all the answers

What is photolytic decomposition?

When decomposition is carried out in the presence of sunlight. Signup and view all the answers

What is an endothermic reaction?

The reaction which requires energy in the form of heat, light, and electricity to break reactants. Signup and view all the answers

What is corrosion?

When a metal is exposed to moisture, air, acid, etc., for some time, a layer of hydrated oxide is formed which weakens the metal. Signup and view all the answers

What is rancidity?

The oxidation of fats and oils when exposed to air. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemical Reactions

Chemical reactions involve the formation of new substances with distinct properties.
Reactants are the initial substances that undergo transformation during a reaction.
Products are the new substances generated as a result of a chemical reaction.

Types of Reactions

Combination Reaction: Characterized by two or more reactants combining to form a single product.
Decomposition Reaction: Involves a single compound breaking down into two or more simpler substances.
Displacement Reaction: More reactive elements replace less reactive ones from an aqueous solution.
Double Displacement Reaction: Occurs when two compounds exchange ions, resulting in the formation of a gas, precipitate, or molecular compound.

Oxidation and Reduction

Oxidation: Process of energy consumption through the addition of oxygen or removal of hydrogen.
Reduction: Energy release occurs through the removal of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen.

Energy In Chemical Reactions

Exothermic Reaction: Heat is released during the reaction alongside product formation.
Endothermic Reaction: Requires energy input in the form of heat, light, or electricity to break reactants down.

Specialized Decomposition Processes

Thermal Decomposition: Achieves reaction by applying heat, leading to breakdown of substances.
Electrolytic Decomposition: Decomposition occurs via the application of electrical current.
Photolytic Decomposition: Sunlight facilitates the breakdown of substances.

Corrosion and Rancidity

Corrosion: Formation of a hydrated oxide layer on metals when exposed to moisture, air, and acids, leading to deterioration.
Rancidity: The oxidation process that affects fats and oils upon exposure to air, causing spoilage.

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Description

Test your knowledge of key terms from 10th class Science Chapter 1 about chemical reactions. This quiz covers essential vocabulary and definitions that are foundational to understanding chemical processes. Review terms like reactants, products, and combination reactions to solidify your understanding.