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Questions and Answers
Where is the needle usually inserted when performing a lumbar puncture?
Where is the needle usually inserted when performing a lumbar puncture?
What is the level of the horizontal line through the upper points of iliac crests used for in the context of lumbar puncture?
What is the level of the horizontal line through the upper points of iliac crests used for in the context of lumbar puncture?
At what level does the spinal cord typically end in adults?
At what level does the spinal cord typically end in adults?
What should be examined for before performing a lumbar puncture?
What should be examined for before performing a lumbar puncture?
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What may herniate through the foramen magnum if there are signs of increased intracranial pressure?
What may herniate through the foramen magnum if there are signs of increased intracranial pressure?
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To what level does the dural sac extend caudally?
To what level does the dural sac extend caudally?
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In herniated lumbar discs, which nerve root is usually involved in a herniation at the L4/L5 level?
In herniated lumbar discs, which nerve root is usually involved in a herniation at the L4/L5 level?
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Which condition results in an exaggeration of the thoracic curvature and may occur in elderly persons due to osteoporosis or disk degeneration?
Which condition results in an exaggeration of the thoracic curvature and may occur in elderly persons due to osteoporosis or disk degeneration?
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What is the most common fracture of the forearm, occurring commonly after age 50 and resulting in a ventral angulation of the wrist when the distal fragment is ANTERIORLY displaced?
What is the most common fracture of the forearm, occurring commonly after age 50 and resulting in a ventral angulation of the wrist when the distal fragment is ANTERIORLY displaced?
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Which fracture occurs as a result of a fall onto the palm when the hand is abducted, and may not show on X-ray films for 2 to 3 weeks due to delayed presentation, but pain occurs primarily on the lateral side of the wrist?
Which fracture occurs as a result of a fall onto the palm when the hand is abducted, and may not show on X-ray films for 2 to 3 weeks due to delayed presentation, but pain occurs primarily on the lateral side of the wrist?
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What type of fracture typically occurs in professional boxers, involving the necks of the metacarpal bones?
What type of fracture typically occurs in professional boxers, involving the necks of the metacarpal bones?
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Which nerve could be injured in a humerus fracture at the surgical neck?
Which nerve could be injured in a humerus fracture at the surgical neck?
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Which nerve could be injured in a humerus fracture at midshaft?
Which nerve could be injured in a humerus fracture at midshaft?
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What may cause an exaggeration of the lumbar curvature that is temporary and occurs as a result of pregnancy, spondylolisthesis, or potbelly?
What may cause an exaggeration of the lumbar curvature that is temporary and occurs as a result of pregnancy, spondylolisthesis, or potbelly?
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What is a complex lateral deviation or torsion of the spine that may be caused by poliomyelitis, leg length discrepancy, or hip disease?
What is a complex lateral deviation or torsion of the spine that may be caused by poliomyelitis, leg length discrepancy, or hip disease?
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Study Notes
Lumbar Puncture
- The needle is usually inserted between the L3/L4 or L4/L5 vertebrae.
Anatomy
- The horizontal line through the upper points of the iliac crests corresponds to the L4 verterbra.
- The spinal cord typically ends at L1 in adults.
Pre-Procedural Examination
- The patient's neurological status and medication list should be examined before performing a lumbar puncture.
Increased Intracranial Pressure
- The cerebellar tonsils may herniate through the foramen magnum if there are signs of increased intracranial pressure.
Spinal Anatomy
- The dural sac extends caudally to S2.
Herniated Lumbar Discs
- The L5 nerve root is usually involved in a herniation at the L4/L5 level.
Spinal Deformities
- Kyphosis results in an exaggeration of the thoracic curvature and may occur in elderly persons due to osteoporosis or disk degeneration.
- Lordosis results in an exaggeration of the lumbar curvature and may occur temporarily during pregnancy, spondylolisthesis, or potbelly.
- Scoliosis is a complex lateral deviation or torsion of the spine that may be caused by poliomyelitis, leg length discrepancy, or hip disease.
Fractures
- Colles' fracture is the most common fracture of the forearm, occurring commonly after age 50, and results in a ventral angulation of the wrist when the distal fragment is anteriorly displaced.
- Scaphoid fracture occurs as a result of a fall onto the palm when the hand is abducted, and may not show on X-ray films for 2 to 3 weeks due to delayed presentation, but pain occurs primarily on the lateral side of the wrist.
- Boxer's fracture typically occurs in professional boxers, involving the necks of the metacarpal bones.
Nerve Injuries
- The radial nerve could be injured in a humerus fracture at the surgical neck.
- The radial nerve could be injured in a humerus fracture at midshaft.
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Description
Prepare for your final Gross Anatomy exam by understanding, memorizing, and applying 100 important concepts with this guide presented by Dr. Mavrych, MD, PhD, DSc. Please note that this presentation does not cover all material of the Gross Anatomy course, and it is recommended to work with all professor's presentations for comprehensive preparation.
