Questions and Answers
_________ 年龄越高，跌倒风险增加
年龄
여성比男子尤其是在 _________ 岁以上更容易跌倒
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慢性疾病如 _________、糖尿病、痴呆和帕金森氏病增加跌倒风险
关节炎
使用某些药物，如镇静剂和抗抑郁药增加跌倒风险，这些药物的使用称为 _________
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_environmental hazards，如絆脚石、不平整的表面和贫瘠的照明增加跌倒风险
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缺乏锻炼、穿着 _________ 的鞋子增加跌倒风险
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Study Notes
Risk Factors for Falls in the Elderly
Intrinsic Risk Factors
- Age: Risk of falls increases with age, with the highest risk in those over 80 years old
- Gender: Women are more likely to fall than men, especially after the age of 75
- Chronic conditions: Presence of conditions such as arthritis, diabetes, dementia, and Parkinson's disease increase fall risk
- Sensory impairments: Vision and hearing impairments can contribute to fall risk
- Cognitive impairment: Decreased cognitive function can impair judgment and reaction time, increasing fall risk
- Muscle weakness: Decreased muscle mass and strength can increase fall risk
- Gait and balance disorders: Abnormalities in gait and balance can increase fall risk
- Medication use: Use of certain medications, such as sedatives and antidepressants, can increase fall risk
Extrinsic Risk Factors
- Environmental hazards: Tripping hazards, uneven surfaces, and poor lighting can contribute to fall risk
- Home safety: Lack of handrails, grab bars, and non-slip mats in the home can increase fall risk
- Lack of exercise: Inadequate physical activity can contribute to muscle weakness and decreased balance
- Social isolation: Living alone and lack of social support can increase fall risk
- Poor footwear: Wearing shoes that are loose, worn out, or have slippery soles can increase fall risk
老年人跌倒的危险因素
固有危险因素
- 年龄：80岁以上老年人的跌倒风险最高
- 性别：女性尤其是在75岁以上的女性比男性更容易跌倒
- 慢性疾病：如关节炎、糖尿病、痴呆症、帕金森氏症等疾病的存在会增加跌倒风险
- 感官障碍：视力和听力障碍会增加跌倒风险
- 认知损害：认知功能下降会影响判断和反应时间，增加跌倒风险
- 肌肉弱化：肌肉质量和力量下降会增加跌倒风险
- 步态和平衡障碍：步态和平衡异常会增加跌倒风险
- 药物使用：使用某些药物，如镇静剂和抗抑郁药，会增加跌倒风险
外在危险因素
- 环境隐患：絆脚障碍、不平整的地面和贫乏照明会增加跌倒风险
- 家庭安全：家中缺乏扶手、握杆和防滑垫等设备会增加跌倒风险
- 缺乏运动：不足的身体活动会导致肌肉弱化和平衡下降，增加跌倒风险
- 社会孤立：独居和缺乏社会支持会增加跌倒风险
- 不良鞋履：穿着松弛、磨损或有滑底的鞋子会增加跌倒风险
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