Cholinergic Synapses and Receptors Key Points Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which receptor subtype is primarily responsible for the vasodilation due to NO release from the vascular endothelium?

  • M3 (correct)
  • M4
  • M1
  • M2

    • Which drug is used for bronchial provocation testing and has no nicotinic effect?

  • Metacholine (correct)
  • Oxotremorine
  • Betanecol
  • Acetylcholine

    • Which parasympathomimetic alkaloid has the greatest effect on the sweat glands and is used for open-angle glaucoma?

  • Sevmelin
  • Arekolin
  • Muscarin
  • Pilocarpine (correct)

    • Which cholinomimetic drug causes miosis and accommodation spasm in local application to the eye, and increases drainage from the Schlemm channel?

    <p>Pilocarpine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cholinomimetic drug has an M1-mediated effect on learning and memory at the CNS, but the effect is short-lived?

    <p>Arekolin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor subtype is primarily responsible for the contraction of bronchial smooth muscles?

    <p>M3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cholinomimetic drug is used in eye surgery to cause miosis?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cholinomimetic drug selectively stimulates muscarinic receptors in the striatum of the brain, producing parkinsonian-like symptoms?

    <p>Oxotremorine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cholinomimetic drug has a high affinity for M3 receptors in the lacrimal and salivary gland epithelium, and has a sialogog effect?

    <p>Sevmelin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cholinomimetic drug is hardly used as a medicine, breaks down quickly in plasma, and is ineffective when used orally?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anticholinesterase drug is a reversible inhibitor and contains a quaternary amine group?

    <p>Neostigmine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used for the treatment of symptoms of dry mouth and eyes in patients with Sjogren's syndrome?

    <p>Pilocarpine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nerve terminates in the neuromuscular junction and has a nicotinic receptor?

    <p>Cholinergic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for 'rest' and 'digest' functions?

    <p>Parasympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which spinal nerves are associated with the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>CS 3,7,9,10 and S2-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for 'fight' or 'flight' responses?

    <p>Sympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptors are the nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junctions of the skeletal muscles?

    <p>Skeletal muscle type NM receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of acetylcholine in the synapse?

    <p>Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cholinergic receptors are G protein-coupled?

    <p>Muscarinic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which locations are M2 receptors commonly found?

    <p>Heart and presynaptic autoreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drugs are classified as cholinesterase inhibitors?

    <p>Anticholinesterases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the neurotransmitter responsible for impulse transmission at cholinergic synapses or junctions?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurons of the autonomous nervous system are exceptions to being cholinergic?

    <p>Sympathetic neurons innervating eccrine sweat glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptors are selectively urbanized by the Na+ ion channel?

    <p>Nicotinic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of M3 receptors when activated?

    <p>Increases gland secretion and promotes smooth muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cholinergic receptors are found in pathways related to learning and memory in the brain?

    <p>M1 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drugs mimic the effects of parasympathetic stimulation by activating muscarinic receptors in the effector cells?

    <p>Parasympathomimetic drugs (muscarinic agonists)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the drugs that directly or indirectly activate muscarinic and/or nicotinic cholinergic receptors and mimic the action of acetylcholine in target cells?

    <p>Cholinomimetic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nerve terminates in the neuromuscular junction and has a nicotinic receptor?

    <p>Motor nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cholinomimetic drug is hardly used as a medicine, breaks down quickly in plasma, and is ineffective when used orally?

    <p>Edrophonium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor subtype is primarily responsible for the contraction of bronchial smooth muscles?

    <p>M3 receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the M2 receptors commonly found?

    <p>Heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a clinical use of edrophonium?

    <p>Diagnosis of myasthenia gravis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a reversible inhibitor and is used in mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Rivastigmine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organophosphate is considered the most toxic and is used as a chemical warfare poison?

    <p>Sarin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used in the treatment of postoperative paralytic ileus and bladder atony?

    <p>Neostigmine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of death in poisoning with organophosphate insecticides?

    <p>Respiratory paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used in the therapy for open-angle glaucoma?

    <p>Pilocarpine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cholinergic receptors are primarily responsible for the vasodilation due to NO release from the vascular endothelium?

    <p>M3 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a reversible inhibitor and contains a quaternary amine group, thereby not affecting the CNS?

    <p>Neostigmine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor subtype is primarily responsible for the contraction of bronchial smooth muscles?

    <p>M3 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is an irreversible inhibitor and is used as a treatment for symptoms of dry mouth and eyes in patients with Sjogren's syndrome?

    <p>Pilocarpine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used for bronchial provocation testing and has no nicotinic effect?

    <p>Methacholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and has a short-lived effect on learning and memory at the CNS?

    <p>Donepezil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nerve is an exception to being cholinergic?

    <p>Sympathetic neurons innervating skeletal muscle vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptors primarily responsible for the contraction of bronchial smooth muscles?

    <p>M3 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cholinomimetic drug is used for open-angle glaucoma and has the greatest effect on the sweat glands?

    <p>Pilocarpine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor subtype is primarily responsible for vasodilation due to NO release from the vascular endothelium?

    <p>M3 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cholinomimetic drug causes miosis and accommodation spasm in local application to the eye, and increases drainage from the Schlemm channel?

    <p>Pilocarpine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used in eye surgery to cause miosis?

    <p>Pilocarpine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cholinomimetic drug has a high affinity for M3 receptors in the lacrimal and salivary gland epithelium, and has a sialogog effect?

    <p>Pilocarpine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anticholinesterase drug is a reversible inhibitor and contains a quaternary amine group?

    <p>Neostigmine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptors are the nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junctions of the skeletal muscles?

    <p>Nicotinic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used for bronchial provocation testing and has no nicotinic effect?

    <p>Ipratropium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug directly activates muscarinic receptors, producing effects similar to those of parasympathetic nerve stimulation?

    <p>Bethanechol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor subtype is primarily responsible for the sialogog effect in the salivary glands?

    <p>M3 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a short-acting agent used for diagnosing myasthenia gravis and differentiating myasthenic and cholinergic crises?

    <p>Edrophonium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of inhibitors are tabun, sarin, and soman, used as nerve gas agents?

    <p>Irreversible inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is a contraindication for cholinomimetic drugs?

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drugs are used in mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Rivastigmine, donepezil, galantamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary clinical use of neostigmine, pyridostigmine, ambenonium, and distigmine?

    <p>Myasthenia gravis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the clinical uses of cholinomimetic drugs?

    <p>Finishing the action of neuromuscular blocking drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum toxic effect of organophosphate insecticides?

    <p>Absorption via the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of cholinergic crisis caused by organophosphate insecticides?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapy for organophosphate poisoning?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for carbamate insecticide poisoning?

    <p>Atropine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cholinergic receptors are ion channel receptors?

    <p>Nicotinic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the autonomic nervous system do cholinergic neurons primarily belong to?

    <p>Parasympathetic division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cholinomimetic drugs directly activate muscarinic receptors?

    <p>Parasympathomimetic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptors are selectively blocked or activated by specific substances at different locations such as neuromuscular junctions and autonomic ganglia?

    <p>Nicotinic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme do anticholinesterases inhibit, leading to the accumulation of acetylcholine at cholinergic junctions?

    <p>Acetylcholinesterase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cholinergic receptors include M1, M2, and M3 subtypes?

    <p>Muscarinic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drugs replicate the effects of parasympathetic stimulation by activating muscarinic receptors in effector cells?

    <p>Cholinomimetic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurons are exceptions to being cholinergic in the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Neurons innervating sweat glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drugs directly or indirectly activate muscarinic and/or nicotinic cholinergic receptors?

    <p>Cholinesterase inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptors are primarily responsible for the vasodilation due to NO release from the vascular endothelium?

    <p>M3 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptors are primarily responsible for the contraction of bronchial smooth muscles?

    <p>M3 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drugs are used for open-angle glaucoma and have the greatest effect on the sweat glands?

    <p>Cholinomimetic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cholinergic Synapses and Receptors: Key Points

    • Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter responsible for impulse transmission at cholinergic synapses/junctions.
    • Cholinergic neurons are present in the first-line neurons of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
    • Exceptions include sympathetic neurons innervating eccrine sweat glands and some innervating skeletal muscle vessels.
    • Cholinergic receptors include nicotinic receptors, which are ion channel receptors, and muscarinic receptors, which are G protein-coupled receptors.
    • The synthesis, storage, release, action, and inactivation of acetylcholine follow a specific process at cholinergic synapses.
    • Nicotinic receptors at different locations, such as the neuromuscular junctions and autonomic ganglia, are of distinct types and can be selectively blocked or activated by specific substances.
    • Muscarinic receptors include M1, M2, and M3 types, and their locations and effects vary in different tissues and organs.
    • Cholinomimetic drugs directly or indirectly activate muscarinic and/or nicotinic cholinergic receptors, mimicking the action of acetylcholine in target cells.
    • Parasympathomimetic drugs directly activate muscarinic receptors, producing effects similar to those of parasympathetic nerve stimulation.
    • Anticholinesterases inhibit acetylcholinesterase, causing acetylcholine to accumulate at cholinergic junctions, leading to parasympathomimetic and nicotinic effects.
    • Cholinomimetic drugs replicate the effects of parasympathetic stimulation by activating muscarinic receptors in effector cells.
    • Overall, the text provides a comprehensive overview of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, cholinergic synapses, receptors, and the pharmacological implications of cholinomimetic drugs.

    Cholinergic Synapses and Receptors: Key Points

    • Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter responsible for impulse transmission at cholinergic synapses/junctions.
    • Cholinergic neurons are present in the first-line neurons of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
    • Exceptions include sympathetic neurons innervating eccrine sweat glands and some innervating skeletal muscle vessels.
    • Cholinergic receptors include nicotinic receptors, which are ion channel receptors, and muscarinic receptors, which are G protein-coupled receptors.
    • The synthesis, storage, release, action, and inactivation of acetylcholine follow a specific process at cholinergic synapses.
    • Nicotinic receptors at different locations, such as the neuromuscular junctions and autonomic ganglia, are of distinct types and can be selectively blocked or activated by specific substances.
    • Muscarinic receptors include M1, M2, and M3 types, and their locations and effects vary in different tissues and organs.
    • Cholinomimetic drugs directly or indirectly activate muscarinic and/or nicotinic cholinergic receptors, mimicking the action of acetylcholine in target cells.
    • Parasympathomimetic drugs directly activate muscarinic receptors, producing effects similar to those of parasympathetic nerve stimulation.
    • Anticholinesterases inhibit acetylcholinesterase, causing acetylcholine to accumulate at cholinergic junctions, leading to parasympathomimetic and nicotinic effects.
    • Cholinomimetic drugs replicate the effects of parasympathetic stimulation by activating muscarinic receptors in effector cells.
    • Overall, the text provides a comprehensive overview of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, cholinergic synapses, receptors, and the pharmacological implications of cholinomimetic drugs.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge about the key points related to cholinergic synapses and receptors, including acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter, nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, cholinomimetic drugs, parasympathomimetic drugs, and anticholinesterases.

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