지리학: 산과 화산

Mountains

• Formation: Mountains are formed through the process of plate tectonics, where the Earth's lithosphere is pushed upwards by the movement of tectonic plates.
• Types:
  • Fold mountains: formed when two plates collide and the Earth's crust is folded.
  • Block mountains: formed when a plate is pushed upwards by the movement of a fault.
  • Volcanic mountains: formed by the accumulation of lava and volcanic debris.
• Characteristics:
  • High elevation
  • Steep slopes
  • Snow-capped peaks
  • Glaciers
  • Diverse ecosystems
• Examples:
  • The Himalayas
  • The Rocky Mountains
  • The Andes

Volcanoes

• Formation: Volcanoes are formed when magma from the Earth's interior rises to the surface, resulting in eruptions of molten rock, ash, and gas.
• Types:
  • Shield volcanoes: gently sloping volcanoes with a broad base.
  • Stratovolcanoes: tall, conical volcanoes with a steep slope.
  • Cinder cones: small, steep-sided volcanoes formed from accumulated ash and cinder.
• Characteristics:
  • Vent or crater at the summit
  • Eruptions of lava, ash, and gas
  • Volcanic rocks and minerals
  • Landforms such as calderas and lava flows
• Examples:
  • Mount St. Helens
  • Mount Fuji
  • Mauna Loa