Philo.pdf

Philosophy of the Human Person An Introductory Text for Senior High School Core Subject Description: An initiation to the activity and process of philosophical reflection as a search for a synoptic vision of life. Topics to be discussed include the human experien...

Philosophy of the Human Person An Introductory Text for Senior High School Core Subject Description: An initiation to the activity and process of philosophical reflection as a search for a synoptic vision of life. Topics to be discussed include the human experiences of embodiment, being in the world with others and the environment, freedom, intersubjectivity, sociality, and being unto death.  Course objectives: At the end of the course, the student should be able to: 1. Reflect on their daily experiences from a holistic point of view 2. Acquire Critical and Analytical Thinking skills 3. Apply their critical and analytical thinking skills to the affairs of daily life 4. Become truthful, environment-friendly and service-oriented 5. Actively committed to the development of a more humane society 6. Articulate their own philosophy of life Rules and Regulation INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY Definition - Comes from a Greek origin “ love of wisdom” - Means the love of reasoning making wisdom its primary goal - Defined as the science that by natural light of reason studies the highest principles of things. - Philosophical framework attempt to make sense of human existence and experience. And to connect those experiences to the world at large. Branches of Philosophy 1. Logic Decision Making Differentiates between valid and confusing Ideas Basic concept of truth Example: If all men are mortal, Socrates is a man, Therefore Socrates is mortal 2. Axiology Ethics & aesthetics study of principles and nature of values Answers the question : What is beauty?  3. Epistemology Objective knowledge The study of the nature, origin, and limits of human knowledge. 4. Metaphysics nature of reality; abstract concepts like “ truth” or a higher power exists; asks about the origin of life. Study of the Physical universe Answers the questions: What is real?, what is the origin of the world? Philosophy of the Human Person An Introductory Text for Senior High School Philosophical Reflection Definition To think about an important question that does not have a definite or ready answer.ex: “Why am I here?”, “What is the purpose of my existence?”, These questions are difficult questions that have answers that affect the way we go through life.- philosophica When we are doing philosophical reflections and we are engaged in finding ways or methodologies to eliminate any practical problem or abstract idea, we are already “doing philosophy” Universal and the Particular View Universal (Holistic View) A philosophical question that concerns the whole. Looks at all aspects of given problem or situation All aspects are tied together to form a general overview of the problem or situation Particulars (Partial View) part of the whole Looks only at a limited number of aspects of the given situation Martin Heidegger - For him, particulars are for scientific questions, while universal are philosophical questions that leads to the totality of beings. Dialects Dialects - Art of refutation - Technique/tool to resolve philosophical questions where philosophical discoveries are seen as the result of collaboration - The first philosopher to use dialectics is Socrates through the method of questioning - Socratic Method  Activity SEEING THE BIG PICTURE Instructions Holistic point of view Column: List down all the Goals/things you want to achieve in life. and then on the other side of the column: Partial point of view write down the things or ways you are going to do to achieve the goal. Write at least 10 goals Holistic Point of View Partial Point of view Things/goals I want to How will I achieve this achieve in life goal? Philosophy of the Human Person An Introductory Text for Senior High School 1.What is the story all about? 2. What philosophy of life was used in the life of the characters? Philosophy comes from the two Greek words Philo meaning “love” or “friendship” and Sophia meaning “wisdom.” Philosophy “ Love of wisdom” Philosophers - Lovers of Wisdom Philosophers 1. Pythagoras The term “philosopher” was first used by Him is popularly known for his mathematical formula- Pythagorean Theorem. 1. Pythagoras He was famous was an expert on the fate of the soul after death, who thought that the soul was immortal and went through a series of reincarnations; 2. Plato One of the Most Famous Philosophers Student of Socrates He Founded the School of Athens Plato’s apology to Socrates is His method is called dialectics 2. Plato The philosophy of Plato is marked by the usage of dialectic, a method of discussion involving ever more profound insights into the nature of reality, and by cognitive optimism, a belief in the capacity of the human mind to attain the truth and to use this truth for the rational and virtuous ordering of human affairs. 3. Socrates went further not just asking questions for himself but posing questions to people which is the beginning of a series of questions and responses from participants. He left no writing, but converse with people from all walks of life using question and answer as a concrete living out of His famous Advice – “Know thyself” 3. Socrates The Socratic Method, also known as the method of elenchus, elenctic method, or Socratic debate, is a form of a cooperative argumentative dialogue between individuals, based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to draw out ideas and underlying presuppositions. 3. Aristotle A Greek Philosopher He believed that to possess theoretical wisdom is to know necessary truths and their logical consequences. Theoretical and Practical Widom are both desireable and Valuable. Logical Reasoning In philosophy, reasoning is the process of thinking about something in a logical way in order to form a conclusion or judgment. 4. Sophist were a group of intellectuals who taught oratory for free to individuals aspiring to have a successful career in politics would require skills in public speaking and persuasion philosophy contains criticisms of religion, law, and ethics. Although many sophists were apparently as religious as their contemporaries, some held atheistic or agnostic views ( Philosophy of the Human Person An Introductory Text for Senior High School  Philosophical Thought in 3 View 1. Cosmocentric “Kosmos”(Greek)/Cosmos often simply means "universe" Ancient Philosophy (600 B.C – 600 A.D.) period of Cosmocentric The philosophers dealt on the search of the “workings of the Universe” 1. Cosmocentric Philosopher: 1. Thales of Miletus (First to wonder about the origin of the Universe. He believed that “water is the source of All things”) 2. Anaximander- “ Boundless” as the origin of all (apeiron) 3.Pythagoreans – the world is govern by mathematical ratios. 2. Theocentric During the Medieval Period The world became secondary to God. 2. Theocentric Philosophers: 1.St. Augustine -the earth was brought into existence ex nihilo by a perfectly good and just God, who created man. 2. St. Thomas Aquinas - natural reason can demonstratively prove God's existence. “Summa Theologica” 3. Avicenna – Muslim Philosopher, the existence of man could be traced to another being responsible for their existence. 3. Anthropocentric Modern Period Subjectivity and Individualism View of the modern science and the diminished authority of the Church. 3. Anthropocentric 2 characteristic of Philosophy in this Period Rationalism- ( reason as the chief source of Knowledge) Philosophers 1. Rene Descartes - His idea was that thought cannot be separated from a person, therefore, the person exists 2. Benedict spinoza 3. Gottfried Wilhem 3. Anthropocentric 2 characteristic of Philosophy in this Period Empiricism- ( All knowledge is ultimately derived from Sense Experience) Philosophers 1. George Berkeley 2. David Hume 3. John Locke ( Tabula Rasa) Philosophy of the Human Person An Introductory Text for Senior High School  Cooperative Learning To emphasize the idea that philosophy is not only for philosophers and that every person can find the value and significance of philosophy in his/ her life complete the following Table ADAGE MEANING 1. Honesty is the best policy 2. Do unto others what you want others to do unto you. 3. Kapag Maikli ang kumot, Magtiis kang mamaluktot 4. 5.