Tumour Lysis Syndrome Past Paper PDF

Which of the following is not typically associated with the tumour lysis syndrome? Hypokalaemia Hyperphosphataemia Hyperuricemia Hypocalcaemia Tumour markers may be defined as\... Biological substances synthesized & released by cancer cells or substances produced by the host in response to the...

Which of the following is not typically associated with the tumour lysis syndrome? Hypokalaemia Hyperphosphataemia Hyperuricemia Hypocalcaemia Tumour markers may be defined as\... Biological substances synthesized & released by cancer cells or substances produced by the host in response to the cancer Analytic tests (ie immunoassays) used to mark cancer cells Radioactive substances & chemicals used to help the clinician to identify cancer cells None of the above A \"Triple test\" was done as part of the prenatal screening for aneuploidies. The results were as follows: Low AFP levels \| High HCG \| Low oestriol levels. Which of the following conditions is most likely present? Neural tube defects Edwards syndrome Marfan syndrome Which medications/treatments are advised as the primary treatment of an acute attack of gout? Allopurinol NSAIDS Uricase infusion Intra-articular steroids Which enzyme is deficient in a patient with acute intermittent porphyria? Ferrochelatase Hydroxymethylbilane synthase Coproporphyrinogen oxidase Aminolevulinic acid synthase Acute porphyria attacks are precipitated by various factors such as drugs, carbohydrate depletion and certain steroids hormones. Which of the following may not cause acute porphyria attacks? Progesterone Paracetamol Fasting Barbiturates Increased urinary ALA and PBG is the diagnostic hallmark of Non-acute/cutaneous porphyria An acute porphyria attack Porphyria cutanea tarda Erythropoeitic protoporphyria What test should be done before initiating Tenofovir? Urine analysis Lipid profile Renal function tests Liver function tests Full blood count An example of a blood group antigen that may be elevated in pancreatic cancer is: CA15-3 CA19-9 CA 125 CEA 50 All of the following may be directly linked to malignancy or its management, EXCEPT: Tumour lysis syndrome Lowe syndrome Neurological paraneoplastic syndromes Renal failure Characteristics of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN I) are: Thyroid cancer, Phaeochromocytoma, Carcinoid tumour Parathyroid adenoma, Pituitary tumours, Pancreatic tumour Testicular cancer, Pancreatic cancer, Prostate cancer Carcinoid tumour, Phaeochromocytoma, Parathyroid adenoma Starvation causes hyperuricaemia by which mechanism? Increased gastrointestinal absorption Reduced renal excretion Decreased renal perfusion Increased production of lactic acid Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125) is a tumour marker commonly associated with: Colon cancer Breast carcinoma Lung cancer Ovarian and endometrial carcinoma Which of the following laboratory tests is the most sensitive biochemical marker of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy? AST & ALT Total bilirubin Bile acids ALP & GGT Which tube is used for CSF glucose measurement? Grey top tube Yellow top tube Purple top tube Red top tube Porphyria\'s are classified into acute and non-acute/cutaneous porphyria. Which of the following porphyria\'s does not present with skin lesions (cutaneous porphyria)? Congenital erythropoeitic porphyria (CEP) Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) Erythropoeitic protoporphyria (EPP) Congenital erythropoeitic porphyria (CEP) Acute intermittent Porphyria (AIP) Which renal tubule disorder can precipitate hypouricaemia? Bartter Syndrome Fanconi Syndrome Gitelman Syndrome Liddle Syndrome A \"Triple test\" was done as part of prenatal screening for aneuploidies. The results were as follows: Low AFP levels High hCG levels Low unconjugated oestriol levels. At what gestational age is this test conducted? First trimester Second trimester Third trimester Which enzyme converts xanthine to uric acid? Xanthine peroxidase Uric acid synthase Xanthine oxidase Xanthine decarboxylase Which HIV protein interacts with the CD4 receptor? p10 p32 p24 gp120 p17 integrase From the following list, which factor is NOT associated with hypercalcaemia of malignancy: Stimulation of osteoblasts by osteoblast activating factors Destruction of bone by metastatic deposits Secretion of calcitonin by tumour cells Secretion of substances resembling parathyroid hormone by tumour cells Which conditions favour uric acid stone formation? A high urinary output An acidic urinary pH An alkaline urinary pH A high urinary flow rate Which of these is not a class of ARV treatment? Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors Integrase inhibitors Protease inhibitors Translation inhibitors Fusion inhibitors An elevated concentration of 24-hour urine 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) is usually associated with: Brain cancer Endometrial cancer Carcinoid tumour Ovarian cancer The greatest usefulness of a tumour marker is its: Sensitivity and specificity in assessment of the presence of a tumour Use in the evaluation of progression of disease after initial therapy Diagnostic ability in all cases of cancer Use in the diagnosis of the presence of a tissue specific tumour in an asymptomatic individual Increased concentrations of alpha- foeto protein (AFP) in adults are most characteristically associated with: Primary hyperparathyroidism Secondary hyperparathyroidism Multiple myeloma Hepatocellular carcinoma The most common of all porphyria disorders is Congenital erythropoeitic porphyria Acute intermittent porphyria Porphyria cutanea tarda Variegate porphyria Which protein is unique to cerebrospinal fluid? Immunoglobulin A Alpha 2 macroglobulin Beta 2 transferrin Beta lipoprotein Immunoglobulin G Which porphyria is common in South Africa and what is its diagnostic pattern Porphyria cutanea tarda - increased porphyrins in urine Variegate porphyria - Increased PBG in urine and increased protoporphyrin Acute intermittent Porphyria - Increased PBG in urine Hereditary porphyria - Increased PBG in urine and increased coproporphyrin The chloride content of CSF is higher than the serum True False The \"classical galactosaemia\" is associated with which enzyme deficiency? Galactokinase Galactose uridyltransferase Epimerase Galactose-1-phosphatase Which of the following is only present in the \"GALK\" form of galactosaemia? Cataracts Neural symptoms Liver cirrhosis Renal failure What\'s the confirmatory test for cystic fibrosis? Sweat conductivity test Chloride concentration test Delta 508 protein measurement Sweat chloride test Cystic fibrosis is likely to cause: Cataracts Difficulty swallowing Malabsorption Less sweat Albinism is MAINLY associated with which enzyme deficiency? Phenylalanine hydroxylase Tyrosine transaminase Linase Tyrosinase Pheomelanin is associated with which colour? Blue Black Yellow Brown Organic acidaemias are associated with the following except High bicarbonate Hypoglycaemia Metabolic acidosis Lactaemia What\'s the criteria to follow before initiating a pregnant woman on tenofovir-dolutegravir containing regimen? eGFR greater than 80 ml/min eGFR greater than 70 ml/min SCr level below 80 umol/L SCr level less than 75 umol/L SCr level below 85 umol/L TDF is mostly associated with: Glomerular dysfunction Proximal tubulopathy Hepatomegaly Weight gain The mechanism by which Dolutegravir raises SCr levels is: Proximal tubulopathy inhibiting creatinine secretion into the renal lumen Damage to the glomerulus preventing creatinine filtration Proximal dysfunction preventing creatinine reabsorption Inhibition of organic cation transporters preventing secretion into renal lumen Accelerating the production of creatinine from phosphocreatine in muscles